The management of apple trees is based on fruit production and quality goals. Because apple trees are perennial arbors, in order to maintain robust growth and sustained results for successive years, and to solve the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth of fruit trees, it is necessary to artificially adjust nutrition according to the characteristics of apple tree growth cycle at different stages. The author has been engaged in the production of fruit trees for many years. Now I introduce the experience of fertilization as follows:
There are obvious differences in the required fertilizer characteristics of apple trees in each period. Budding, flowering and new shoot growth depend on the nutrients accumulated in the tree year after year. The growth of new shoots and fruit enlargement depends on the assimilation of nutrients. Before the fall of leaves in autumn, it is the main period for the storage of nutrients. Therefore, apple trees should be fertilized according to the growth characteristics of different periods.
1. Top dressing. In the budding, flowering, and new shoots, long-term and fruit set and fruit enlargement, fruit ripening, new shoots, long-term, etc. must be topdressing, top dressing according to the status of the tree, chasing 3 times a year. Fertilizer amount: 60 grams of pure nitrogen per plant, 30 grams of phosphorus (phosphorus pentoxide), and 50 grams of potassium (potassium oxide). In the early fruit stage, pure nitrogen was added to 300 g, phosphorus 150 g, and potassium 250 g per plant. For every 50 kilograms of fruit produced in the fruit period, 0.35 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.16 kg of phosphorus, 0.35 kg of potassium, and 100 kg of high-quality farmyard manure should be applied.
2. Foliage top dressing. Although foliar dressing can not replace soil dressing, it can not only supply nutrients in short supply but also not be limited by soil in order to achieve the purpose of dressing apple trees and increase fertilizer utilization rate. 0.2%-0.3% urea, sprayed before flowering, has obvious effects on increasing yield, fruit setting rate and promoting growth and development; plant ash 2%-3% (leaching liquid) after physiological fruit drop to before harvest, flower bud differentiation and It is also very effective to improve fruit quality; 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed after physiological fruit drop, which has good effect on apple coloration and flower bud differentiation.
Foliar dressing, but also according to the actual situation, to solve practical problems, such as: prevention of lobular disease, in the 3-4 weeks before germination with 3% -5% zinc sulfate spray cloth; control of fruit disease in May to June with 0.2% -0.5% borax spray.
3. Base fertilizer. Fertilizers should be determined based on the organic matter content of the farm and the organic matter of the fruit trees. The amount of fertilizer should be determined for the apple trees in the young and early fruit stages; The apple trees should be applied as much as possible (because the fruit trees grow in a fixed soil, with the increase of the number of years, the beneficial substances in the soil will decrease year by year, and the harmful substances will increase year by year, and the growth of the fruit trees will be obstructed, even causing serious diseases). The application rate is not less than 70% of the annual fertilization amount, and it is of utmost importance to increase the application every year.
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