Balanced fertilizer is not "universal fertilizer"
There are many products in the fertilizer market, of which the general-purpose balance formula is the mainstream product in the market. In many areas, vegetable growers use balanced formula fertilizers throughout the growing season.
In Sheqi County, a vegetable farmer grows 50 mu of fresh peppers. Once harvested, they are supplemented with a balanced 17-17-17 fertilizer. However, in fact, the current demand for phosphorus for capsicum is small, and the demand for nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer is high, so that fertilization will cause excessive input of phosphate fertilizer, while nitrogen and potassium input will be relatively insufficient. There are not a few vegetable farmers who do the same in the local area. Due to the large amount of investment in balanced formulas, virtually increasing input costs, coupled with the low purchase price this year, many vegetable farmers have little incentive to plant peppers.
In the lotus planting area in the civil rights county, the fertilizers used by farmers are mainly balanced formulations and single fertilizer urea. The owner of Beiguan Township farmer Liu planted 130 acres of lotus root and this year he purchased 130 bags of large grain urea while purchasing 325 bags of 14-16-15 fertilizer. He said that the fertilization is more annoying: "There are two problems, one is that once fertilization is applied twice, the labor cost is increased, and the second is the application of single fertilizer urea to the lotus leaf, which is easy to burn the lotus leaf."
Applying balanced formula fertilizers such as 15-15-15, 17-17-17, or 20-20-20 in this way will cause waste of nutrients, increase unnecessary investment in costs, and it will easily lead to the supply of certain micronutrients. insufficient:
1. Nitrogen fertilizers, especially physiological ammonium acid nitrogen, are excessive, and excessive ammonium ions in the soil solution produce antagonistic effects with magnesium and calcium ions, affecting the absorption of magnesium and calcium by crops. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer stimulates crop growth, requires a large increase in potassium, and is more likely to show potassium deficiency.
2. Excessive application of phosphate fertilizer, excess available phosphorus will also inhibit the absorption of nitrogen by crops, and may also cause copper deficiency, boron deficiency, and magnesium deficiency. Too much phosphorus will impede the absorption of potassium, causing zinc fixation, causing zinc deficiency. Too much phosphorus fertilizer will also activate substances that are harmful to crop growth and development in the soil, such as active aluminum and active cadmium (Cd), which are unfavorable to crops.
3. Excessive potassium application firstly causes concentration barriers, and antagonism of calcium, magnesium, boron and other cationic nutrients occurs in the soil and plants, causing umbilical rot and leaf yellowing in severe cases. The antagonism caused by long-term over-application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers has now been developed to the point where calcium, magnesium, and sulfur must be deliberately applied to solve the problem.
How to balance fertilization?
1. The farmyard manure is indispensable for carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
(1) Farmyard manure contains a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, which can decompose organic matter in the soil and increase the aggregate structure of the soil. It can also suppress the reproduction of harmful bacteria and can be used for many years. It saves labor and money, reduces pesticide residues, and can use soil. The organic matter in the secondary metabolites, which contain a large number of growth-promoting substances, such as auxin, can promote plant elongation and growth, abscisic acid can promote fruit ripening, gibberellin can promote flowering and fruit setting, increase the number of flowers, protect the fruit Rate, increase production, make the fruit plump, fresh color, can also mention the morning market, to increase production and income.
(2) 95% of the trace elements in the soil exist in insoluble form and cannot be absorbed and utilized by plants. Metabolites in microorganisms contain a large amount of organic acids that can trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, copper, The essential mineral elements such as zinc, iron, boron, and molybdenum are dissolved and become nutrient elements that can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, greatly increasing the soil's fertility.
(3) Microorganisms in farmyard manure have strong vitality, long-term survival in the soil, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solution, potassium release, change of soil environment, decomposition of various elements solidified by soil, passivation of heavy metals and adjustment of soil pH The root system has a suitable soil environment and continuously supplies crop nutrients, so the organic fertilizer has a long-lasting effect.
2. Different stages of crops require different nutrition
(1) During the rooting period, organically activated phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, manganese, molybdenum and other nutrients.
(2) During flower bud differentiation, organically activate phosphorus, boron, copper, zinc, iron and other nutrients.
(3) During the fruit expansion period, organically activated phosphorus, potassium, calcium, nitrogen, boron, zinc, manganese and other nutrients.
In different growing seasons, the demand for nutrition is also different. We should supplement different nutrition according to different growth stages in order to meet the nutrient needs of the crop, achieve more flowers, more fruit, longer picking period, and increase production and income.
3. Fertilization technology affects nutrient absorption and must be scientific
(1) Most vegetable farmers fertilize not only fertilizer but also base fertilizer, fertilizer loss, and low utilization rate.
Solution: Each year, the soil is deep-turned, and the base fertilizer is best applied after the application of soil.
(2) Emphasizing large amounts of elemental fertilizers and ignoring trace element fertilizers, resulting in unbalanced nutrient and widespread deficiency of nutrients.
Solution: In addition to the influence of soil, climate, temperature and humidity, the cracking fruit is mainly caused by the lack of calcium nutrition; the deformed fruit is mainly caused by the lack of nutrition such as potassium, calcium, and boron, and calcium magnesium fertilizer should be added in time during the flower bud differentiation period. Reduce the occurrence of cracked fruit and deformed fruit. Http://Content/9ac06f70-4122-4373-83d4-6c17fa9219b7?cType=2
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