In August, it entered the second flower bud differentiation stage of apple trees and the fruit expansion period of mid-late maturing varieties. What are the main points of fruit tree management during the period? To this end, the reporter interviewed Yang Zhi Vocational and Technical College fruit tree expert Ma Zhifeng. Professor Ma said that in August, four tasks are crucial.
Pruning and pulling branches: In August, for large trees with excessive supporting branches, some large branches between layers can be removed to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions and improve the quality of flower buds. The juvenile tree can be implemented with new shoots and branches. The short cut is the extension of the non-backbone branches at the base of the autumnal shoot, which is used to "bring the hat" and promote the formation of the second branch into flowers. The take-up branch is the erection of the shoot and the competitive shooter holds the lower part of the hand repeatedly and does not hurt. The leaves make the shoot tissue damaged and droop or horizontal, inhibiting the growth of the apical shoots, causing the lateral shoots to germinate into short shoots, and can form flower buds in the current year or the following year. In the late August, the branches will be opened and the saplings will insist on pulling branches each year.
Soil and Fertilizer Management: In August, spraying sprayed 0.3% urea + 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the foliage to promote new shoot maturation and improve cold resistance. Spraying once a day after 10 days can increase fruit coloring and increase sugar content. The autumn shoots cease to grow in mid-August, and the topdressing of compound fertilizers can prevent premature leaf aging, promote tree nutrient accumulation, and restore tree vigor, which is conducive to flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement, and will help increase the fruit-setting rate and increase new shoots the following year. Grows, combines with top dressing to water, and cultivates orchards.
Fruit bag: from the middle of August to the bag. Double bags should go outside the bag first, 3-5 days before going to the inner bag; single bag first tear the paper bag longitudinally, residual bags left on the fruit, 3-5 days later removed. After the bag is removed, the leaves, fruit, and reflective film are treated to promote the overall coloring of the fruit. The varieties of the Marshals, which are susceptible to fruit drop before harvest, were sprayed with naphthalene acetic acid of 30-40 mg/kg once a month and a half at the end of August, respectively, to prevent pre-harvest fruit drop.
Pest control: As some abnormal weather this year, defoliation disease occurred in advance, the deciduous orchard is generally severe, the peak period of brown spot disease has passed, it is estimated that there will be no major changes, control of diseased leaf disease must be combined drug fertilizer In order to achieve better results. In the end of August, the trunk was tied with grass, trapping red spiders and other pests overwintering, and the solution was burned before thawing the following year to reduce the population density. When fruit bags are inspected and there are whitefly larvae on the fruit, 52.25% of farmland should be sprayed with 1500-2000 times liquid to control its damage.