The technology of culture of sea bream in plastic greenhouses has become a hot spot in the development of aquaculture because of its rapid growth, low breeding cost, good marketability, and high economic efficiency. However, due to the immature farming technology, the success rate of outdoor breeding is widespread. The lower two are suitable for the growth of sea otters ranging from 15°C to 30°C. Therefore, the breeding time is limited to the summer and autumn. The supply is short and the price is too high. Therefore, the organic combination of vegetable greenhouse cultivation technology and sea bream farming can be used for one year. The production in the four seasons will enable the supply of fresh oysters to continuously supply the market, satisfying both consumer demand and creating good economic returns.
First, the choice of plastic greenhouses suitable for ponds, the entire modification caused by an unlimited length, width 20m--40m, depth 1.2--1.8m strip-shaped pond, leveling the pool bottom, surrounded by a plastic film slope. On this basis, a bamboo pole with a diameter of 10cm or more is used as a pillar with a spacing of 2m--2.5m; bamboo or bamboo is used as the top support; the spacing is 1.5m--2.0m; The vertical and horizontal netted roof nodules are fixed, and the exterior is sealed with a droplet-type membrane, leaving the outlet and the damper at both ends, and the drainage system can be set well. Generally, the area of ​​each plastic greenhouse is 0.7ha--7.0ha. If the area is too large, it is not easy to manage and control, and do not leave dead corners around the pond in the plastic greenhouse, so as to avoid the limited activity of the jellyfish colony and death.
Second, seed breeding and stocking
1. Seed source. At present, there are three ways to obtain seedlings: one is to harvest natural seedlings at sea; the other is to collect semi-artificial seedlings, that is, to acquire or acquire sea breams at mature sea, and to obtain seedlings by artificially attaching attachments; It is an artificial nursery, that is, the use of sea larvae or artificially cultivated larvae, through the intensive breeding and breeding to obtain high-quality jellyfish seedlings, when the seedlings grow to more than 1.5cm, they can be used as seedlings.
2. Investment seedlings. The seedling density is generally controlled at 5/m3 - 8/m3. Before the seedlings are planted, the rearing pond should be drained with 50cm--60cm of water to fertilize the basic food organisms to meet the feeding needs of the young. As a plastic greenhouse pond that is produced all year round, single-cell algae cultivation ponds, rotifer breeding ponds, and Artemia culture ponds should be established to cultivate larval dietary organisms, and they are graded and fed depending on the growth rate of sea lice. When investing seedlings, attention should be paid to the indicators of physical and chemical factors such as water temperature and salinity in nursery ponds and rearing pools, and the gap between them should be adjusted as small as possible in order to avoid affecting the survival rate of seedlings due to excessive differences.
3. Aquaculture management
(1) Water quality regulation. Raising the water is the first to raise water. According to practice, the water should be stabilised for 5 days to 7 days after the water is released. After the young people gradually adapt, the pond will be refilled with water. Water should be added less frequently, and ground water should be added. Each time the water is added and the amount of water in the later period should not exceed 15% of the total water body. When the amount of water is increased to the maximum, an appropriate amount of water should be changed to maintain a good growth environment for the young. Before each addition of water, the water temperature and salinity should be measured at regular intervals so that the index does not change too much. In the winter and spring, due to the large difference between the temperature inside and outside the plastic greenhouse and the water temperature, a small shed can be set up in front of the plastic greenhouse. The water can be pumped into the sun and the water temperature can be increased to a certain extent, then the water can be added again. The best time is from 3 to 4 pm every day.
(2) Feeding of bait. The choice of bait should be fresh, not deteriorating, free from foreign pollutants and pathogenic sources. Feeding times are 2 times - 4 times a day. The amount of feeding is determined by periodically observing the growth of sea otters. During the middle and later stages of the breeding period, the feeding of wild rotifers or Artemia can be fed due to the continuous increase of food intake. In order to avoid the sudden loss of sea lice, affect their normal growth.
(3) Daily management. Jellyfish growth requires a good gas-liquid environment, so it should pay attention to the timely ventilation of plastic greenhouses, especially in the latter stage of cultivation, due to the special environment within the shed, resulting in relatively poor water flow and air flow. In view of this situation, a small aerator should be set up to increase the oxygen of the water body by laying the thin tubes and gas stones, but do not use larger impeller type or waterwheel type aerators because the blades of the two models are larger. , it is easy to cause damage to the sea otters. In the cold season, the roof should be covered with straw curtains to keep warm. In the warm season, the plastic film on both sides of the plastic canopy can be rolled up to make the ventilation in the canopy smooth, so as to reduce the temperature.
Third, the harvest sea otters grow rapidly, after 50 days of age individuals that reach 5kg--10kg or more, this time can be collected in batches, capture large stay small, one after another listed. There are many ways to harvest it. The general equipment is dip net or set net, and finally it can be harvested.
Fourth, benefit analysis From the current consumer market and breeding trends, first, with the growing shortage of natural resources of Haishu, its prices have remained high. In 2002, the price of fresh oysters was 12 yuan/kg--16 yuan/kg, and the price of finished oysters was more than 60 yuan/kg. The supply was in short supply and the market was in short supply. Second, in the case of low efficiency of most aquaculture species, the cultivation of sea otters in greenhouses can be described as one of the best, and six pods can be cultivated throughout the year. The net profit per hectare per shed is generally more than 30,000 yuan. From this we can see that there is a bright future for the development of sea otters in the development of plastic greenhouses.
Begonia pond culture technology Begonia is a large-scale edible jellyfish, which has a high economic value and has been used as a natural resource in China for a long time. The uniqueness of the jellyfish nutrients is that the fat content is extremely low, and protein and inorganic salts are abundant. In 2002, the author conducted a seabream pond aquaculture experiment in Beitang Town, Pingtan County, Fujian Province, and achieved success. Now the technical points are introduced as follows.
First, the pond selection area of ​​50 acres or more, into the drainage is convenient, it is best to have fresh water sources nearby in order to regulate the salinity of the water, pool water depth of 1.5m - 2.0m is appropriate, and should be set at the depth of the shore 0.5m Seine nets to prevent the death of sea lice.
2. Disinfect shrimp ponds in clear ponds to remove silt and sterilize them with 30ppm--50ppm bleaching powder or 100kg/mu--150kg/mu quicklime.
Third, the water injection pond water should be 10 days before the release of seedlings, inlet and outlet openings should be set 40 mesh - 60 mesh fence, and with the individual seed growing to adjust the mesh size.
IV. Preparation before laying seedlings Before laying seedlings, water quality should be tested, mainly water temperature, salinity, pH, and plankton biomass. The adaptable range of sea bream culture water temperature is 15°C--35°C, the optimum range of water temperature is 22°C--28°C; the adaptability range of salinity is 8 ‰--38 ‰, and the optimum range is 18 ‰-25 ‰. After the pond is filled with water, fertilize and cultivate the water quality, and the transparency of the water body should be maintained at about 60cm.
5. The time for planting seedlings should be in the morning or evening when the weather is better to prevent direct sunlight. When the seeds are transported to the edge of the pond, they should be poured into a relatively large container and some water should be added to allow the seedlings to adapt to a certain period of time (10 minutes - 20 minutes) before being placed in the pond with a seedling density of 500. / Mu - 800/mu.
Six, aquaculture management
1. Maintain good water quality. Sea bream culture is different from other sea bream cultures in that it does not require manual feeding. Therefore, it is necessary to change water or fertilize in order to maintain appropriate feed biomass in the water. When the food is not enough, some soybean milk can be added and supplemented.
2. After release, if the weather is normal and the water quality is normal, there is no need to change the water within 10 days.
3. During the first 10 days of breeding - 20 days, a small amount of water (1/10) can be drained, and the water intake and drainage are slow; as the individual grows, the amount of water can be increased, and the changing principle is to change less, change frequently, and change water. Be sure to check if sea lice are attached to the net.
4. When the weather is not good, the pool water should be changed little or not, so as to avoid changes in the water environment and affect the growth of the sea otters.
5. Before changing the water, the temperature and salinity of the new water to be exchanged should be measured. The temperature difference should not exceed 3°C, and the salinity difference should not exceed 10 ‰. The salinity of the pool water should preferably be maintained between 20 ‰ and -30 。.
6. Observe the activities and growth of sea lice at any time to monitor changes in water quality and plankton in the water.
7. Do a good job of routine management and related data measurement and recording to ensure smooth production.
First, the choice of plastic greenhouses suitable for ponds, the entire modification caused by an unlimited length, width 20m--40m, depth 1.2--1.8m strip-shaped pond, leveling the pool bottom, surrounded by a plastic film slope. On this basis, a bamboo pole with a diameter of 10cm or more is used as a pillar with a spacing of 2m--2.5m; bamboo or bamboo is used as the top support; the spacing is 1.5m--2.0m; The vertical and horizontal netted roof nodules are fixed, and the exterior is sealed with a droplet-type membrane, leaving the outlet and the damper at both ends, and the drainage system can be set well. Generally, the area of ​​each plastic greenhouse is 0.7ha--7.0ha. If the area is too large, it is not easy to manage and control, and do not leave dead corners around the pond in the plastic greenhouse, so as to avoid the limited activity of the jellyfish colony and death.
Second, seed breeding and stocking
1. Seed source. At present, there are three ways to obtain seedlings: one is to harvest natural seedlings at sea; the other is to collect semi-artificial seedlings, that is, to acquire or acquire sea breams at mature sea, and to obtain seedlings by artificially attaching attachments; It is an artificial nursery, that is, the use of sea larvae or artificially cultivated larvae, through the intensive breeding and breeding to obtain high-quality jellyfish seedlings, when the seedlings grow to more than 1.5cm, they can be used as seedlings.
2. Investment seedlings. The seedling density is generally controlled at 5/m3 - 8/m3. Before the seedlings are planted, the rearing pond should be drained with 50cm--60cm of water to fertilize the basic food organisms to meet the feeding needs of the young. As a plastic greenhouse pond that is produced all year round, single-cell algae cultivation ponds, rotifer breeding ponds, and Artemia culture ponds should be established to cultivate larval dietary organisms, and they are graded and fed depending on the growth rate of sea lice. When investing seedlings, attention should be paid to the indicators of physical and chemical factors such as water temperature and salinity in nursery ponds and rearing pools, and the gap between them should be adjusted as small as possible in order to avoid affecting the survival rate of seedlings due to excessive differences.
3. Aquaculture management
(1) Water quality regulation. Raising the water is the first to raise water. According to practice, the water should be stabilised for 5 days to 7 days after the water is released. After the young people gradually adapt, the pond will be refilled with water. Water should be added less frequently, and ground water should be added. Each time the water is added and the amount of water in the later period should not exceed 15% of the total water body. When the amount of water is increased to the maximum, an appropriate amount of water should be changed to maintain a good growth environment for the young. Before each addition of water, the water temperature and salinity should be measured at regular intervals so that the index does not change too much. In the winter and spring, due to the large difference between the temperature inside and outside the plastic greenhouse and the water temperature, a small shed can be set up in front of the plastic greenhouse. The water can be pumped into the sun and the water temperature can be increased to a certain extent, then the water can be added again. The best time is from 3 to 4 pm every day.
(2) Feeding of bait. The choice of bait should be fresh, not deteriorating, free from foreign pollutants and pathogenic sources. Feeding times are 2 times - 4 times a day. The amount of feeding is determined by periodically observing the growth of sea otters. During the middle and later stages of the breeding period, the feeding of wild rotifers or Artemia can be fed due to the continuous increase of food intake. In order to avoid the sudden loss of sea lice, affect their normal growth.
(3) Daily management. Jellyfish growth requires a good gas-liquid environment, so it should pay attention to the timely ventilation of plastic greenhouses, especially in the latter stage of cultivation, due to the special environment within the shed, resulting in relatively poor water flow and air flow. In view of this situation, a small aerator should be set up to increase the oxygen of the water body by laying the thin tubes and gas stones, but do not use larger impeller type or waterwheel type aerators because the blades of the two models are larger. , it is easy to cause damage to the sea otters. In the cold season, the roof should be covered with straw curtains to keep warm. In the warm season, the plastic film on both sides of the plastic canopy can be rolled up to make the ventilation in the canopy smooth, so as to reduce the temperature.
Third, the harvest sea otters grow rapidly, after 50 days of age individuals that reach 5kg--10kg or more, this time can be collected in batches, capture large stay small, one after another listed. There are many ways to harvest it. The general equipment is dip net or set net, and finally it can be harvested.
Fourth, benefit analysis From the current consumer market and breeding trends, first, with the growing shortage of natural resources of Haishu, its prices have remained high. In 2002, the price of fresh oysters was 12 yuan/kg--16 yuan/kg, and the price of finished oysters was more than 60 yuan/kg. The supply was in short supply and the market was in short supply. Second, in the case of low efficiency of most aquaculture species, the cultivation of sea otters in greenhouses can be described as one of the best, and six pods can be cultivated throughout the year. The net profit per hectare per shed is generally more than 30,000 yuan. From this we can see that there is a bright future for the development of sea otters in the development of plastic greenhouses.
Begonia pond culture technology Begonia is a large-scale edible jellyfish, which has a high economic value and has been used as a natural resource in China for a long time. The uniqueness of the jellyfish nutrients is that the fat content is extremely low, and protein and inorganic salts are abundant. In 2002, the author conducted a seabream pond aquaculture experiment in Beitang Town, Pingtan County, Fujian Province, and achieved success. Now the technical points are introduced as follows.
First, the pond selection area of ​​50 acres or more, into the drainage is convenient, it is best to have fresh water sources nearby in order to regulate the salinity of the water, pool water depth of 1.5m - 2.0m is appropriate, and should be set at the depth of the shore 0.5m Seine nets to prevent the death of sea lice.
2. Disinfect shrimp ponds in clear ponds to remove silt and sterilize them with 30ppm--50ppm bleaching powder or 100kg/mu--150kg/mu quicklime.
Third, the water injection pond water should be 10 days before the release of seedlings, inlet and outlet openings should be set 40 mesh - 60 mesh fence, and with the individual seed growing to adjust the mesh size.
IV. Preparation before laying seedlings Before laying seedlings, water quality should be tested, mainly water temperature, salinity, pH, and plankton biomass. The adaptable range of sea bream culture water temperature is 15°C--35°C, the optimum range of water temperature is 22°C--28°C; the adaptability range of salinity is 8 ‰--38 ‰, and the optimum range is 18 ‰-25 ‰. After the pond is filled with water, fertilize and cultivate the water quality, and the transparency of the water body should be maintained at about 60cm.
5. The time for planting seedlings should be in the morning or evening when the weather is better to prevent direct sunlight. When the seeds are transported to the edge of the pond, they should be poured into a relatively large container and some water should be added to allow the seedlings to adapt to a certain period of time (10 minutes - 20 minutes) before being placed in the pond with a seedling density of 500. / Mu - 800/mu.
Six, aquaculture management
1. Maintain good water quality. Sea bream culture is different from other sea bream cultures in that it does not require manual feeding. Therefore, it is necessary to change water or fertilize in order to maintain appropriate feed biomass in the water. When the food is not enough, some soybean milk can be added and supplemented.
2. After release, if the weather is normal and the water quality is normal, there is no need to change the water within 10 days.
3. During the first 10 days of breeding - 20 days, a small amount of water (1/10) can be drained, and the water intake and drainage are slow; as the individual grows, the amount of water can be increased, and the changing principle is to change less, change frequently, and change water. Be sure to check if sea lice are attached to the net.
4. When the weather is not good, the pool water should be changed little or not, so as to avoid changes in the water environment and affect the growth of the sea otters.
5. Before changing the water, the temperature and salinity of the new water to be exchanged should be measured. The temperature difference should not exceed 3°C, and the salinity difference should not exceed 10 ‰. The salinity of the pool water should preferably be maintained between 20 ‰ and -30 。.
6. Observe the activities and growth of sea lice at any time to monitor changes in water quality and plankton in the water.
7. Do a good job of routine management and related data measurement and recording to ensure smooth production.
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