1, the choice of radish soil preparation
Choose well-drained, flat terrain, sunny leeward, fertile sandy loam or river silt loose soil plots, the tillage layer should be deep, the soil preparation should be fine, and the depth of cultivation is generally required to be about 30cm. The soil is intensively cultivated to ensure that the emergence and roots are well developed. The former crop is preferably wheat. 4 to 5 days before sowing, the bottom water is poured, and the surface is slightly dry and then flattened. The requirement of NPK for carrot is mainly potassium, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. Adequate potassium fertilizer is conducive to the expansion of fleshy root. Adequate phosphate fertilizer is beneficial to increase the sugar content of carrot. The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer should not be too much. The amount of fertilization should be determined according to the soil fertility. Generally, the plot should be based on the base fertilizer, the cooked organic fertilizer 4000-5000kg/hm2, the urea 300kg/hm2, the superphosphate 300-375kg/hm2, the grass ash 2250-3000kg/hm2, or The compound fertilizer is 750kg/hm2, and the urea is 150kg/hm2. In view of the poor anti-weed ability of carrot seedlings, weeding was carried out before the sowing in combination with deep-flushing of 2.25kg/hm2 or 1.5kg/hm2 of grass.
2. Variety selection: Select suitable varieties according to different climatic conditions and sowing season. Spring sowing should be selected for early-maturing varieties that are resistant to convulsions and strong in winter, such as Jinghong Wu-inch, Chunhong Wu-inch No. 1, Spring Time Golden Harbor, etc.; summer sowing uses short-lived, heat-resistant and drought-tolerant varieties, such as summer time five Inch, Beijing-summer five-inch, etc.; autumn sowing does not have strict requirements on the winter strength of the variety. Generally, high-yield, high-quality, beautiful-looking cylindrical varieties can be selected.
3. Sowing at the right time. Carrots grow slowly in the seedling stage, and have strong heat resistance. In order to obtain high yield of carrots, they should be planted at appropriate time. It is too early to grow moss in the growing season, shortening the growth period too late, and the amount of carrots is generally about 1 kg per mu. If the amount of seeding is too large and the seedlings are not timely, the purpose of high yield cannot be achieved.
4 field management
And time seedlings, seedlings, and strengthen the work of cultivating and watering. During the growth of the seedlings, two seedlings should be carried out. The first seedlings should be carried out when the seedlings grow to 1-2 true leaves, so that the plant spacing is kept at 3-5 cm, and the seedlings are shallowly sown between rows to promote seedling growth; The secondary seedlings are carried out when the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves. The inter-plants should have been treated with dense plants, inferior plants and diseased plants, so that the plant spacing is kept at 13-15 cm, and the seedlings per mu are 20,000-22,000. After the seedlings are set, the field should be kept dry and wet. After each watering or rainfall, the soil should be ploughed in time to prevent soil compaction, maintain soil moisture, and enhance soil permeability to facilitate root development. After the seedlings grow to 7-8 true leaves, the watering is properly controlled, the work of cultivating the loose soil is strengthened, the main roots are stretched and the roots are developed, and the plants are prevented from growing. When the carrot fleshy root grows to the thick finger, it is the fastest growing period. It should be watered in time to keep the soil moist. If the soil is too dry, it will cause the xylem roots to be corked and the lateral roots will increase. If the moisture is too wet, the fleshy roots will rot. If it is wet and dry, the uneven water supply will crack the fleshy roots and reduce the product quality.
5, fertilizer management
A total of 3 fats were applied during the whole growth period. The first time, about 12 days after sowing, when there are 2-3 true leaves, the seedling fertilizer is applied, and the ammonium carbonate is 120-150kg/hm2, the calcium phosphate is 120-150kg/hm2, the borax is 15kg/hm2, and the water is mixed. It is poured from 6-10 cm from the root, and the ratio of fertilizer to water is 1:200. 7d after the first top dressing (ie 19d after sowing), urea was applied at 225kg/hm2, and potassium chloride was 75kg/hm2. After mixing, it was applied at 6-10cm from the root. The ratio of fertilizer to water was 1:150. 7-10 days after the second top dressing, urea application 90kg/hm2, potassium chloride 150kg/hm2, after mixing, pouring at 6-10cm from the root, the ratio of fertilizer to water is 1:150. Radish needs a lot of water, but it is afraid of water accumulation, and its ability to withstand drought and sputum is poor. When 3-6 true leaves are required, semi-dry and semi-wet are required; when 6 true leaves are used, watering is properly controlled, and cultivating loose soil is mainly strengthened to promote the development of fleshy roots; when the radish fleshy roots grow vigorously, it is moisture and During the most nutrient requirements, the number of irrigations and irrigation should be increased. The irrigation should be evenly irrigated, and the soil should be kept moist. Generally, the irrigation should be carried out 3-4 times. The water supply should be evenly distributed in the later stage of growth to keep the field moist and prevent water from accumulating. Few less.
6. Pest control
Common diseases of carrots include black spot, black rot, and bacterial soft rot. The main pests are underground pests, mites, and root mites. In the prevention and treatment of black spot and black rot, select excellent varieties, rational layout, rotation for cropping, increase of organic fertilizer, cultivating and weeding, breeding seedlings without pests and diseases, and reducing the number of pests and diseases. Soak the seeds in warm soup and seed dressing with 70% mancozeb with 0.3% seed. In the early stage of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, or 50% keering WP 1500-2000 times solution, or 50% chlorhexidine WP 1000-1500 times solution spray, about 10 days Spray once, continuously control 2-3 times, stop taking the drug 15 days before harvest. In the prevention and control of bacterial soft rot, high ridge cultivation was used, and the diseased plants were found to be excavated in time, and lime was sprinkled, and sprayed with neomycin phytomycin 400 times solution or 72% agricultural streptomycin WP 400 times. Underground pests, golden worms, etc. are treated with 50% phoxim 2500-3000 times liquid or lesper 2000 times liquid. The aphids were controlled with 5% worm and 10% imidacloprid 1500 times. During the occurrence of adult worms, it can be sprayed with 2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times, sprayed once every 7 days, and even sprayed 2-3 times; larvae occur with 7.5L/hm2 or 40% sulphur Phosphorus 15L/hm2 was irrigated with watering.
7, timely harvest
Radish is generally fertilized with fleshy roots for the harvest. The harvest is too early, the radish is not fully developed, and the small radish is hard; the harvest is too late, prone to heart disease and reduce product quality. Generally, the spring radish is 50-60d after sowing, the summer and autumn radish is 40-60d after sowing, and the autumn and winter radish is harvested 70-100d after sowing.
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