Broccoli - field management cultivation techniques
Use good seeds and sow seeds at the right time
The optimum temperature for broccoli growth is between 16 and 22 °C. The temperate growth period is wide (5 to 35 °C can grow), and the flowering bud period generally requires the daily average temperature to be below 25 °C. (above 30 °C), it will cause excessive twitching, low yield and poor quality of the flower ball. Therefore, the selection of disease-resistant and heat-resistant varieties and scientific arrangement of sowing time is the key to the success of summer sowing cultivation. Our county generally chooses high-premium, heat-resistant varieties such as Goldman Sachs, Bar Green, and Pearl Green imported from Japan. It is transplanted to harvesting between 55 and 65 days. The area of ​​1000-1200m above sea level is planted from late June to mid-July. In the area of ​​800-1000m above sea level, it is planted from mid-July to early August. In order to facilitate harvesting and sales, it is best to carry out staged sowing, and broadcast one day in 5-7 days. Harvested from late September to mid-November, and strive to end the harvest before the large number of coastal products are listed, which will help to increase product prices and create better economic benefits.
Cultivate strong seedlings, transplanting at appropriate age
Cultivated broccoli in summer, in the hot and rainy season, training
The broccoli broccoli is the key to breeding strong seedlings. We have chosen a nutrition bag or a nutrient soil seedling method. The nutrition bag (or soil group) is calculated according to the amount of 3,300 to 3,500 per 667 square meters of the field. The formula is 600-700kg of fertile loose paddy soil, 30-40kg of chaff ash, and 80-100kg of pig and cow manure after fermented fermentation. , imported compound fertilizer (preferably N:P:K=21:6:13 potassium sulfate-containing compound fertilizer) 0.5-1.0kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 3kg, lime powder 2kg, and 15% carbendazim 450 The soil solution (or pentachloronitrobenzene) is used for soil disinfection, and the mixture is evenly mixed and covered with a plastic film for 10 days. Before planting, use 8cmx1Ocm seedling bag to fill the nutrient soil (or print it into nutrient soil mass), then sow 1 seed per 1 soil bag (or soil group), cover the fire with the sifter, and set up the greenhouse. Covered with a shade net with a shade ratio of 65%. In the seedling stage, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. The seedling age is 25 to 30 days (4 leaves, 1 heart, 5 leaves and 1 heart) for transplanting.
Selectively deep ploughing, applying enough base fertilizer
According to the growth characteristics of broccoli and its requirements for environmental conditions, the planting site should choose paddy soil with an altitude of over 800m, deep soil layer, high organic matter content, good irrigation and drainage conditions, strong water retention and fertility, and moderate sand viscosity. Formerly planting fields of cabbage. The soil in the southern mountainous areas is mostly acidic. About 1 month before planting, 1,500-2,000 kg of lime powder should be applied per hm2, combined with deep-turning whitening, and the depth of deep-plowing is between 30-35 cm. The base fertilizer is applied in full layer 10 to 15 days before transplanting. Each hm2 is used with 15,000-25000kg of fermented pig cattle, 2000-3000kg of ash, or 500-600kg of ternary compound fertilizer with potassium sulfate. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus 200 to 300kg. Broccoli has a large demand for trace element boron. Therefore, no matter whether using chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, 30 kg of borax should be applied per hm2 to meet its growth and development needs.
Sorghum cultivation, reasonable close planting
Broccoli is a kind of crop that is warm and light, and is moist and afraid of impregnation. In order to improve the utilization of light energy, increase soil permeability, and improve the microclimate in the field, it is necessary to emphasize sorghum cultivation and rational close planting. Especially in the southern mountainous areas, the annual rainfall reaches 1800-2000mm. It is of special significance to use deep sorghum cultivation. Generally, the width of the belt is 1.1-1.2m, and the height is 25-30cm. The surrounding drainage ditch and the mid-field lobe require a depth of 50-60cm, so that the ditch and the ditch can communicate with each other. Goldman Sachs, Bar Green, and Pearl Green are all early-maturing varieties of broccoli, which are conducive to close planting. The general plant spacing is 50-60cm, the row spacing is 35-40cm, and 2800-3200 plants are planted per 667 square meters. When transplanting seedlings with nutrient bags, carefully remove the nutrient bags and use shallow hole transplanting method. The depth of the hole is 5-8 cm. If the seeding is too deep, the base of the stem is poorly ventilated and easy to induce blight.
Reasonable topdressing
Broccoli broccoli
Broccoli usually requires 4 times of topdressing. After transplanting, the application of "fertilizer" can be carried out with 10% to 15% of dilute manure; the second and third times are carried out 15 to 18 days and 25 to 28 days after transplanting, and urea is used per hm2. 75-90kg, 60kg potassium chloride; the fourth time is carried out 37-40 days after transplanting. At this time, it has entered the rosette period, which is about to be bud. It is necessary to re-apply the bud fertilizer and promote the flower buds quickly. Growth, 300-350kg of potassium sulfate-containing compound fertilizer per hm2, deep application at a distance of 15-20cm from the base of the stem (which has been sealed for inconvenient use), covered with soil after application, and moistened with soil to make fertilizer Dissolved and absorbed. In order to promote the robust growth of plants and improve the yield of flower balls, foliar fertilizers such as double-effect micro-fertilizer, spray-Shibao, and plant power 2003 can be used, and sprayed once in the seedling stage, the vigorous growth period and the bud stage.
Scientific irrigation
After broccoli transplanting, watering and seedlings should be watered. If conditions are met, the sunshade should be covered to increase the survival rate. Proper control of water after survival, is beneficial to deep roots. The water needs to be large in the middle and late growth stages, and the water evaporation in summer is fast. When it is dry, it should be watered every evening, or the horse water should be poured once every 3 days to keep the soil moist. The surface should be covered with straw or weeds to reduce water evaporation. . At the same time, the typhoon and rain in July and September are frequent, and it is necessary to carry out the ditch drainage in a timely manner to meet the requirement that the rain stops and the ditch does not accumulate water.
Cultivating soil
The broccoli should be ploughed and cleaned one or two times before the closure of the line. After the closure, the cultivating will not be carried out after the closure, but the weeds should be removed by hand. After the typhoon storm, it is necessary to carry out loose soil in time to prevent soil compaction, increase soil permeability and promote root growth. The loose soil should be based on shallow sputum, and attention should not be taken to damage the root system.
Harvest at the right time
The broccoli flower ball grows to 12-15cm, and the small flower buds have not been loosened. The whole flower ball is kept firm and intact, and it is suitable for harvesting when it is bright green. The anti-season broccoli harvesting period is relatively high, the harvesting period is short, and the quality of export products is strict. It must be harvested in batches and in time, and it is required to harvest before 9 am or after 4 pm. 4 to 5 pieces were cut down and sent to the point of purchase for processing and refrigeration. After harvesting, 1600-2000 kg of human excrement will be applied to every 667 square meters of Daejeon to promote the growth of the base axillary buds (commonly known as "secondary flower"), which can be continuously harvested 2-3 times.
Organic cultivation technique
Broccoli, also known as green cauliflower and broccoli, is a high-grade vegetable developed in recent years.
1. Selection of cultivated land: the water source is non-polluting, the soil layer is loose and rich in organic matter; the six major metals in the soil shall not exceed the standard, and the residual organic phosphorus and organic chlorine shall not be detected.
2. Organic fertilizer preparation and preparation: Perishable fertilizers, such as human and livestock manure, are directly piled on the ground, externally sealed with clay or plastic cloth; hard-to-eat fertilizers such as weeds, vegetable residues and corn and wheat straw It can be fermented and fermented by the manure pool or microbial decomposition. The straw can be completely decomposed in about one year; the cake fertilizer, such as bean cake and peanut cake, is pulverized and added with water, sealed and fermented with a large tank or cement pool, and used as a broccoli growing season. top dressing.
The organic fertilizer is compounded, the amount of animal fertilizer and plant fertilizer is 1:1, and 80% of the total fertilization is used as the base fertilizer.
3. Variety of broccoli: Dali and Green Ridge. The amount of seed used is 30 grams.
4. Cultivation season and method
In Tai'an, Shandong, broccoli can be cultivated in two seasons a year. In mid-January, the use of greenhouse seedlings, planting in the middle and late March; seedlings in mid-July, and planting in mid-August.
Cultivation method: 40 cm 50 cm. In the spring cultivation, the mulch covers the mulch, and the small arch shed and other insulation measures are added, and the effect is obvious.
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