At present, the rice cultivation in the north is commonly used “rice floppy dry nursery and mechanical transplanting technologyâ€. From the actual application status, except that mechanical transplanting is used to reduce human labor intensity, no matter in rice biology, physiology growth and individual production capacity, There are many unsuitable places such as meticulous man-made operations, low technical standards, backward equipment, improper resource allocation, and so on in terms of operation precision, application data, equipment control standards and accuracy, and effective use of natural resource conditions. Particularly at the level of the “big help†of technical measures, it fails to focus on nurturing the individual's productive capacity and exerting mechanisms, thereby wasting resources and losing output. This will bring about a low consumption of resources, an efficient and accurate display of the rice production potential of individual individuals, and create a production target for high-yield groups. There is still a large gap and room for increased production.
After many years of cultivating varieties of rice in the Tuanshanzi Township Agricultural Technology Extension Station in Yilan County, Heilongjiang Province, after repeated trials and demonstrations, it has been concluded that rice is a new high-yield cultivation technology, namely “the Accurate and High-yielding Cultivation Technique of Riceâ€. The introduction is as follows:
Accurate cultivation of varieties to choose from. Accurate cultivation techniques can be applied to rice varieties cultivated in drought and sparse cultivation in different areas of rice cultivation. Compared to conventional cultivation techniques, it can increase production by 15%-20%. However, there are differences in the ratio of production increase between varieties and the safety ratio of production. The following points are proposed for reference only. The first is to select varieties that are suitable for local climate characteristics, which are mainly suitable for growing days and accumulated temperature. The second is to select varieties with strong adaptability, especially the cold resistance produced in the north, mainly to see the varieties budding, seedling growth and booting heading and flowering period tolerance to low temperature. The third is to select varieties with resistance to disease lodging and ability to improve fertilizer characteristics. The main ones are anti-bakanae disease, rice blast disease, panicle blast, resistance to lodging, and comparison of water and fertilizer. Such varieties have great potential for yield increase. The fourth is to select the ear and grain and heavy varieties. It mainly depends on the strong tiller, 100 grains of panicles, and the varieties that have potential advantages in yield among varieties. The fifth is to choose high-quality rice varieties. The performance is uniform and transparent in rice without belly white and warp pattern, and the taste of rice is not rejuvenated. In short, we must consider comprehensively the preferred use.
Precise seed selection and seed use. Fine selection is one of the focuses of this technical standard. It is repeatedly screened by a combination of mechanical and artificial methods, and then washed with a standard mixture of brine and then cleaned to achieve 100% fullness. Each seed sowed 2 seeds, hectares with a net species of 22 pounds. For example, sowing 3 seeds per hole and using 33 pounds of hectares. (Experimental results show that the rate of "high-yielding seedlings" declines more than 4 grains per hole, and the effective ear per unit area or hole has not only increased, but the number of grains per ear has decreased by 15% to 20% and the yield has decreased by 1-2%.)
Cave sowing 2 buds or sowing 3 capsules. Precise sowing is one of the characteristics of this technique, and the rice varieties can determine the number of sowing seeds at different points. Tests have proved that the target grain size per unit area of ​​the ear can be achieved, and the ability of the rice to deliver can account for 2 buds in the middle and upper varieties. If the tillers are weak, they should sow 3 buds in the middle and lower parts of the plant.
Precision cultivation of "high yield seedlings" role and standard features. The cultivation of "high yield seedlings" is an important standard feature of this technology, and it is the basis for creating high yields. Under the conditions of dry rice seedlings in rice, when the precision seedlings grow to 3.5-4.5 leaves (planting period), the rate of direct seedling emergence is between 1-2, which is characteristic of “high yield seedlingsâ€.
Nursery and planting period. This technology raises seedlings to adapt to the cultivation of large and medium-sized seedlings, generally about 35 days of breeding. The period of nursery and planting should be based on the characteristics of the climate and agricultural activities in different regions. It is advisable to set the upper mid-term period for the appropriate period.
Nursery nutrients such as tray pregermination and other links. Basically, dry rice seedlings are used as a method of operation. However, it should be noted that there are many kinds of nutrients for nursery, and all of them must be formulated with nutritious and excellent structure. Choose a strong agent, strictly follow the instructions. Seed germination and germination should be done with a pregerminator or in a germination workshop. This technique uses seedlings to raise the seedlings. The method of filling and throwing seedlings for nutrients is roughly the same, and it is appropriate to use two-thirds of the filling points. Sometimes the plate is placed after the plate, and some plates are placed after the plate, and the combination of sowing depends on the technical basis and the actual situation.
Seedling sowing. Accurate cultivation of nursery seedlings is one of the main features of this technology and is fundamentally different from other technologies. To achieve accurate seed sowing of 2 or 3 buds, one is to use manual on-demand; the other is to dilute the seed with an operator and dilute it evenly afterwards; the third is to use the seed amount and nutrient base weight The method of mixing and sowing seeds after sowing of nutrients is mixed. After sowing, cover soil cover, watering cover film and so on.
Seed management. Precision cultivation and seedling management is an important part of cultivating high-yield seedlings, and creating good conditions for seedlings to lay a good foundation for high yields. The management of nursery beds is mainly based on comprehensive adjustments of elements such as temperature, humidity, nutrition, acid, phosgene, and so on. In general, the same conditions are used for the cultivation and seedling raising of paddy rice.
Accurate planting. Accurate planting is one of the important standards of this technology. According to 95-inch 2 or 3 per hole, double row planted by (6+12) 5-inch specifications, 20 square meters. This Honda plant is suitable for most rice varieties. The high-yielding seedlings of the present technology are reasonably distributed in Honda, which is beneficial to the effective utilization of space nutrition by each plant, and enables the individual's increase in production capacity to be better exerted. (Mole-seeding planting machine instead of artificial planting is the need of modern agriculture).
Field management. The management of rice Honda includes the measures of fertilization for soil preparation, prevention of cold, and prevention of early maturation. It basically refers to the methods of rice cultivation and thinning cultivation and management.
Sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation automatic control equipment With the development of economy, water resources, energy shortage and labor cost increase, more and more water-saving irrigation systems will adopt automatic control. This article focuses on the advantages and classification of automated irrigation.
The advantages are as follows:
(1) It is possible to truly control the amount of irrigation, irrigation time and irrigation cycle in a timely and appropriate manner, thereby increasing crop yield and significantly improving water utilization.
(2) Saving labor and operating expenses.
(3) The work plan can be arranged conveniently and flexibly, and the management personnel do not have to go to the field at night or other inconvenient time.
(4) Since it can increase the effective working time every day, the initial capital investment in pipelines, pumping stations, etc. can be reduced accordingly.
classification:
First, fully automated irrigation system
The fully automated irrigation system does not require direct human involvement. The pre-programmed control procedures and certain parameters that reflect the water requirements of the crop can automatically open and close the pump for a long time and automatically irrigate in a certain order. The role of the person is simply to adjust the control program and overhaul the control equipment. In this system, in addition to emitters (heads, drip heads, etc.), pipes, fittings, pumps, and motors, it also includes central controllers, automatic valves, sensors (soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, water level sensors, and rain sensors). Etc.) and wires.
Second, semi-automatic irrigation system
In the semi-automated irrigation system, no sensors are installed in the field. The irrigation time, irrigation volume and irrigation period are controlled according to pre-programmed procedures, rather than feedback based on crop and soil moisture and meteorological conditions. The degree of automation of such systems is very different. For example, some pump stations implement automatic control, and some pump stations use manual control. Some central controllers are only one timer with simple programming function, and some systems have no central control. The controller, but only some of the sequential switching valves or volume valves are installed on each branch pipe.
Automated irrigation is the trend of the times. In the future water-saving irrigation projects, more and more automated irrigation systems will be applied.
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