High-yield cultivation techniques for double-low rape

The rapeseed cultivar in Tibet is mainly cabbage (also called small rape). In recent years, high-quality cabbage spring rapeseeds have emerged in river valley agricultural areas in Lhasa, Shannan, Linzhi, and Changdu. rape. The cultivation method is different from ordinary rapeseed, and it should be paid attention to in production.

Environmental conditions: Select a flat canola, convenient irrigation, form a relatively concentrated canola production base with regional planting advantages, and implement continuous planting. In order to prevent pollination and miscellaneous pollination, which leads to erucic acid and glucosinolate exceeding the standard, it must be planted separately from "double high" rapeseed and other cruciferous crops.

Crop rotation: The two-year crop rotation system should be implemented, and continuous cropping with cruciferous crops should be avoided. This will not only reduce the number of diseases, insects and grasses, but also improve the purity and yield of canola. Canola crops * are legume or wheat crops. Avoid planting canola within three years of planting fields with excessive erucic acid rape or cruciferous vegetables.

Site selection and fine land preparation: Planting farmland should be of loose, fertile, and sandy fields. Alkaline soils and excessively dry and humid soils are not conducive to the improvement of the emergence rate. Irrigation and sowing water before spring ploughing, till the soil conditions are suitable, cultivate the land, and level with the ploughing to facilitate emergence.

Scientific fertilization: Generally apply 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer such as sheep and cow dung, 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer, and 3 kg of urea as base fertilizer, and apply it to the soil before plowing and when arable. At the same time, early application of seedling fertilizer, that is, when the second and third leaves of seedlings set seedlings, topdressing urea 7 to 10 kg, and the same amount of urea (7 to 10 kg) was applied to the buds.

Early sowing at an appropriate time: Proper early sowing can prolong the growth period to facilitate the formation of strong seedlings and lay a good foundation for high yield. Therefore, the suitable sowing time of double-brassica napus in the main river valley agricultural areas of our region is between April 1st and 15th. Too early and too late are not conducive to the normal growth of rapeseed and have a great impact on yield.

Planting method: In the absence of a special seeder for rapeseed, a seven-row or five-row wheat seeder is used for seeding. The specific method is to block the planter's seed mouth and leave one row at a time, with a line spacing of 30 cm and a planting volume of 0.7 to 1 kg. At the same time, the seeds and urea are mixed evenly and then seeded, so that on the basis of uniform seeding, the effect of applying fertilizer can be achieved, which lays a good foundation for high yield.

Reasonable dense planting: Generally, when rapeseed grows 2 to 3 true leaves and time and seedlings. Occasionally, cluster seedlings, high-footed seedlings, and weak seedlings have a row spacing of about 30 cm, a plant spacing of about 10 to 15 cm, and an average of 15,000 to 25,000 plants per mu, so that groups and individuals coordinate with each other, which is conducive to high yield.

Reasonable irrigation: Spring rapeseed's water demand is generally less in the early stage, more in the middle stage, and less in the later stage. Therefore, less irrigation at the seedling stage is required, and the irrigation amount is increased in order from the moss picking stage to the full bloom, and the number of irrigations and the irrigation amount are reduced when the flower reaches maturity.

Field management: "Three early" management of early weeding, early weeding, early seedling setting and early topdressing is the core of field technology. Generally, weeding and weeding at the time of emergence can reduce weed damage, loosen soil, increase ground temperature, promote nutrient release, and create good conditions for growing strong seedlings. The tillage weeding depth shall be based on the principle of first shallow and then deep.

Prevention and control of pests and diseases: Spring rapeseed generally has severe pests and is relatively light, and is mainly harmed by aphids. Aphids begin to occur at the seedling stage and are more harmful during the fruiting stage. Spraying 1 or 2 times with quick-killing Ding Ding or Da Gong Cheng has a significant effect.

Timely harvest: The mature characteristics of spring rapeseed are that the leaves are withered and shed, the stem horn fruits are yellow-green or purplish red, and the seeds in the middle and upper horn fruits are hardened and blessed. To reduce the number of cracked fruits, harvest when more than 80% of the fruit in the field turns yellow. The harvest time is early and late when there is moisture, and it is piled for 7 to 15 days after harvesting, then dried and threshed, which is conducive to increasing production and income.

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