Cauliflower has a large planting area in Huaning, and in recent years it has been an important way for farmers to increase their income.
I. Land selection: Cauliflower needs to be moist, drought-tolerant and sturdy, and has strict requirements on water and soil conditions. Summer and autumn cultivation requires special selection of organic matter, loose soil, fertile soil, high terrain and easy drainage. Watery and fertile soil.
Second, the cultivation season: can be cultivated all year round, but mainly in autumn and winter. Seedlings can be planted from October to February of the next year. Generally, varieties with longer cold tolerance and longer growth period are selected.
Third, variety selection: comprehensive characteristics of better varieties, such as: Gaofu, Baiyang, Baifu, Fuqiang, etc., according to different cultivation seasons, select the appropriate variety.
4. Colonization: The cauliflower planting period coincides with the high temperature and dry season. It is necessary to choose cloudy days, and the light rain will be carried out in the evening. Miaoling masters early-maturing varieties for 25-30 days, medium-maturing varieties for about 35 days, and late-maturing varieties for 40-50 days. Before the planting, combined with the preparation of the ground for the application of the base fertilizer, the application of mature organic fertilizer 2000-2500? K, vegetable special compound fertilizer 50-70? K, and made into a deep ditch sorghum, 畦 wide 1.2-1.3m, ditch width 30? M, ditch depth 40? M. In the cloudy afternoon, the density of planting varies according to the variety. The short growing period should be densely planted, and the growing season should be thin. A total of 2,500-3,500 plants are planted per acre.
V. Fertilizer and water management: Cauliflower is cultivated according to the variety and cultivation period. According to the weather and seedling conditions of each period, reasonable management of fertilizer and water should be carried out at any time to promote its deep roots. Especially for early maturing varieties, because of the short growing season and planting under high temperature conditions, the requirements for fertilizer and water should be urgent, and the fertilizer should be applied early; the middle-maturing varieties should be topdressed after the seedlings are slowed down, and the flower balls should be applied again at the beginning; Increase, generally colonize the first time after 4 days of planting, each time increase the urea 50g, start the ball should be applied every 10 days, a total of 3 times, each time a specific compound fertilizer per acre 15-20? K. 15 days before harvesting, stop topdressing. During the growth period, depending on the weather and ground conditions, water should be poured for 3-5 days to keep the soil moist. After the rain, drain the water in time and avoid water accumulation. Before cultivating the ridge, weeding and weeding 2 to 3 times, and cultivating the soil to form a ridge for irrigation and drainage.
Sixth, pest control: Pest control is mainly based on prevention, and comprehensive prevention measures combining agricultural control and chemical control are adopted. It is strictly forbidden to use high-toxic, high-residue chemical pesticides, and priority to use biological pesticides, biological pesticides, and rational use of high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue chemical pesticides.
Cauliflower cultivated in summer and autumn is more pests, and should focus on the control of Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, aphids, Spodoptera litura, beet armyworm, and yellow stripe. The control agent can be BT emulsion 500-600 times liquid; 1% insecticidal emulsifiable oil 2000 times liquid; 24% hydrazine emulsifiable oil 2000-2500 times liquid; 70% Emerald 7000 times.
Cauliflower has strong disease resistance and mild incidence. The main disease is black rot. It can be prevented by using 72% agricultural streptomycin wet powder 4000 times or 77% wet powder 500 times. Downy mildew can be controlled by 52.5% anti-fast WP 1500 times.
Seven, folding leaves cover the ball. Cauliflower cross path 5? When the M is around, the leaf cover flower ball is broken to avoid direct sunlight, keeping the ball white and ensuring the quality of the flower ball.
Eight, timely harvest. The early maturing varieties can be harvested about 20 days after the flower ball; the medium and late varieties can be harvested 30-45 days after the flower ball, and the temperature is low in the winter and spring seasons, and the harvest can be appropriately advanced or delayed. Harvesting should be arranged in the morning or evening. The old leaves and roots should be removed during harvesting, and 3-4 leaves should be wrapped around the flower balls to protect the flower balls from loss and pollution during transportation. The standard for harvesting is that the flower ball is white and firm, the sphere is flat, the flowering branches are loosely extracted, and there are no disease spots.
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