On March 28th, at the provincial cotton production work conference, Sun Xuezhen, a professor at Shandong Agricultural University, explained the characteristics of cotton seed sprouting, the preparation work before cotton sowing and the effect of cotton seeding and seedling protection technology on cotton high yield.
Cotton seed sprouting requires appropriate temperature, moisture, and light
The head has a large neck and a poor top soil. "The biggest characteristic of cotton seed sprouting seedlings is weak in top soil, and it is difficult to produce seedlings." Sun Xuezhen said that due to this feature, the temperature requirements are also very high. The minimum temperature for germination of cottonseed is 10.5-12 °C, the highest temperature is 40-45 °C, and the most suitable temperature is 28-30 °C. However, the minimum temperature required for cotton emergence is higher than that of germination. At 16-18 °C, the hypocotyl can be elongated to release the cotyledon from the top of the soil to complete the emergence. Between the lowest and highest temperatures, the higher the temperature, the faster the germination, but the excessive temperature is too high for the consumption of nutrients, and it is easy to form high-wet seedlings.
In addition, Sun Xuezhen also stressed the need to ensure adequate moisture and oxygen. Since the main storage material of cottonseed is fat and protein, water and oxygen are needed in the process of sprouting seedlings. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a suitable soil water content, so that the quality of the preparation is high. If the soil moisture content is too high, cottonseed is prone to anaerobic respiration and cause rotten seeds. Even if the seedlings are released, it is easy to die due to seedling disease; if the soil water content is too low and the degradation of fat and protein is blocked, the sprouting process cannot be completed.
Before the sowing, the cotton needs to be deeply ploughed, excavated with water, and made up for it.
"The effect of increasing the yield of cotton before ploughing is very significant." Sun Xuezhen introduced that the experiment showed that deep ploughing 20-33cm can increase yield by 6.5%-18.3% than shallow ploughing 10-17cm lint. Deep tillage combined with the application of organic fertilizer can mature the soil and improve soil fertility, make the tillage layer loose and breathable, promote root development, expand the absorption range of fertilizer and water; improve soil structure, enhance water retention, fertilizer retention and permeability; accelerate Soil salt is rinsed to improve saline-alkali soil; reduce weeds and pests in cotton fields.
“The next step in the deep-plowing work is to dig the water source and make up the water.†Sun Xuezheng said that the planting cotton area in our province is mainly distributed in the three major areas of Lubei (East), Northwest of Shandong and Southwest of Shandong. Most of the southwestern Shandong Province is transplanted with seedlings. During the nursery period, there is not much water needed. However, Lubei (east) and northwestern Shandong are mostly live cotton fields, mainly dry land and saline-alkali land. They must be smashed and planted. Therefore, it is necessary to fully tap the water source and do the work of rumoring and protecting before planting. If there are irrigated conditions, seize the opportunity to make rumors. It is generally the best time to make sputum 20 days before the sowing of cotton.
In the case of waterless pouring, it is recommended to pre-coat the film. Before the sowing, according to the soil moisture, after smashing (grabbing) the soil preparation, the mulch film is covered, and the two sides of the mulch film are compacted. When the temperature is suitable, a hole is drilled on the film. This method can significantly reduce the evaporation and loss of water on the ground and maintain the soil moisture. It has a significant effect on cotton planting in arid areas and saline-alkali areas, especially after a small amount of precipitation or timely mulching after the ostomy, the effect is better and worth promoting.
“The following is a good seed preparation.†Sun Xuezhen emphasized that appropriate varieties should be selected according to cultivation conditions and management level. The selection of good varieties should include two aspects: First, the selection of excellent varieties. Spring cotton should use high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant varieties with early maturity, wide adaptability and strong bell-tie. The second is to use high quality seeds. The seeds are of high purity and are coated with a seed coating. Sun seeding before sowing, the more dry the seed, the faster the seedling grows stronger. Seeds coated with seed coatings should never be soaked.
The varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting should have concentrated vomiting and moderate flocculation. The fruit branches are high from the ground, the stems of the plants are thick and not lodging, sensitive to defoliants and clean leaves.
Sowing should be timely
Sun Xuezhen emphasized that it must be planted at an appropriate time. Temperature is an important basis for determining the sowing date. Generally, it is stable at 14-15 °C for a suitable sowing time. Seeding is too early, the temperature is low, the emergence time is long, the seedlings are weak, and the diseased seeds and dead seedlings are easily infected; the late sowing period is postponed, and the effective growing season cannot be fully utilized, which affects the yield and quality. The perennial cotton sowing period in our province is from April 20th to 25th in the northwestern and Lubei cotton areas. The saline-alkali land can be postponed to the end of April; the southwestern two-soil film is broadcasted from April 15th to 20th. The sowing date should be subject to sensation and flexible.
The two mature cotton fields were transplanted, and the seedlings were planted at the end of March and early April. The cotton and cotton planted cotton fields were transplanted at the end of April and early May, and the cotton and cotton planted cotton fields were transplanted in mid-May.
Second, pay attention to the amount of seeding. "It should be determined by sowing method, germination rate, seedling density and soil condition. If the seeding amount is too large, not only will the seeds be wasted, but if the seedlings and seedlings are not timely after emergence, it is easy to form high-wet and weak seedlings. 5 seeds, strips per acre with high-quality seed coating agent coated seeds about 2.5 kg, soil moisture, soil sticky or saline-alkali soil, when the underground pests are serious, the seeding volume should be increased as appropriate." Sun Xuezhen said.
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