Our province is one of the three major peanut producing provinces in the country, with an average area of ​​more than 90% of weeds in normal years. Peanut weeds have long-lasting and difficult-to-control characteristics. Weed control has always been a headache for farmers' friends. Understanding the damage of weeds to peanuts, mastering control techniques, and correctly selecting herbicides can improve weed control and increase peanut production.
First, weeds harm period and characteristics
Peanut weeds mainly occur in the pre-growth stage, and there are two peaks in the damage. The first peak period is 10-15 days after sowing, and the amount of grasses accounts for more than 50% of the total grass volume; the second peak period is After 35-50 days of sowing, the amount of weeds accounted for about 30% of the total amount of grass. Peanut fields have a longer period of weeding, generally more than 45 days. During the seedling stage, the weather is generally dry and weeds are irregular. It is difficult to control weeds once by hand weeding. Peanut flowering under the needleheading period coincides with the rainy season. Weeds thrive and can easily cause extensive grassland shortage.
Second, the impact of weeds on peanuts
Every year, due to grass damage, the output of peanuts is reduced by 5%-15%, and serious reduction of production is 20%-30% or more. According to the research, there are 5 weeds per square meter, the output of peanut pods is 13.89% lower than the control without grass, the output of 10 weeds is reduced by 34.16%, and the output of 20 strains is 48.31%. The higher the density, the more the reduction in production. In addition, weeds are the hosts of many diseases and insect pests, and there are many field pests and weeds in the seedling stage. The masses of the field pests are heavy and the damage is heavy. In the middle and late weeds, there are many fields, leaf spot disease, fall disease, net spot disease, and sheath blight. And so on.
Third, the main cause of grass damage
First, weeds in peanut fields are highly adaptable, occur early, grow fast, and have obvious advantages in competition with peanuts; second, weeds have strong regenerative capacity, large populations, and have a group advantage in competition with peanuts; third, long-term deep plowing is difficult Prevention of weed seeds in deep soil layers; fourth is the application of single herbicides for many years to make weeds resistant; Fifth, artificial weeding is time-consuming and time-consuming, and weed control is not timely.
Four, weed control measures
1. Agronomic measures. (1) Apply organic fertilizer such as decomposed rim fertilizer. Pay attention to fully control the maturity and reduce the number of weed seeds that can germinate; (2) Change the spring farmland to winter cultivated land. Winter tillage can reduce weeds by 24.5% compared with spring tillage; (3) Deep tillage. Reduce the germination rate of weed seeds in surface soil; (4) Rotate the crops. Change the weeds' ecological environment and weed communities, and the effect of rotation between paddy and dry land is better. (5) Cover grass in the field. Straw mulching can not only maintain moisture, but also increase soil organic matter, no pollution, no residue, and good anti-grass effect; (6) Change flat sowing into pod or ridge species; (7) Weeding the plastic film. One is to use a herbicide film and the other is to use a colored film. Note that both membranes need to be in close contact with the ground. Do not use force to tighten the membrane. The use of weeding membranes eliminates the need for spraying herbicides, saves labor and labor, has a good weed control effect, and has a long weeding period.
2. Chemical weeding. At present, there are more than 60 types of herbicides that can be used in peanut fields, such as paracetamol, gamarigrass, gibberellin, chlorate, herbicide, clethodim, dole, gindol, grass Spirit, power tyrants, ropes and so on. The best period for herbicide application is before sowing, followed by weed 2-5 leaf stage. (1) Soil treatment before planting. The herbicide is sprayed on the surface of the soil, and the herbicide is mixed into the soil through the operation of mixing soil to establish a closed layer of herbicide so as to absorb the weed grass roots and young shoots and kill the germinating weeds. 48-50 ml of tetraflualine per acre, 50-60 kg of water (sowing 5-7 days after application), or 70% of herbicidal oil (alkaloid) EC 180-250 ml or 88.5% of EC 150-200 ml, 50-60 kg of water (sowing after application), or 48% of trifluralin 60-80 ml + 70% of Diterpenem 100-120 ml, or 90% of Irendal (Dual Benzene) Acetochlor) Wettable powder 300-400 ml. Spray the ground evenly and make it shallow, and mix the herbicide in 3-5 cm soil layers. It is also possible to use 50% paracetamol WP 100 ml or 80% paracetamol WP 50-70 grams per acre, 50-60 kg of water, evenly sprayed on the surface, and then sowed. Trifluralin and other herbicides will inhibit the growth of peanuts to some extent. When applying them, it is necessary to pay attention to isolation of the pesticides so as to avoid phytotoxicity. (2) Pre-emergence soil treatment after sowing. This is the best time to use chemical herbicides. The herbicide is sprayed on the surface of the soil to form a drug layer, and the contact layer is killed after the weeds have germinated. All peanuts are covered with a soil treatment agent. When the peanuts are sown, they are sprayed with herbicide and immediately coated. Not covered with peanuts, peanuts have not been exhumed, and weeds can be treated before germination. It is recommended to use amide herbicides such as Jindal, Dole, and cable. Jinduer is a soil-enclosed herbicide and the most used herbicide in the world. It is safe, efficient, and non-polluting. It is safe to use even in low-temperature, high-humidity climates, or in stagnant and low-lying fields. Before the seedlings are sown in peanuts, 50-60 ml of Jindu is used in the mu and the spray is evenly sprayed on 30-40 kg of water, which can prevent a variety of annual weeds. The effective period in the field is 50-60 days. Saline-alkali land, aeolian sandy land, organic matter content less than 2% sandy loam soil, particularly arid soil or leeches, it is best not to use soil treatment, post-emergence stem and leaf treatment agent should be used. (3) Post-emergence stem and leaf treatment. 1 Peanut field dominated by grasses. The effective post-emergence herbicide can be used to effectively cover the grass. In the peanut 2-4 leaf stage, grass weeds 2-5 leaf stage, mu with 10.8% efficient mulching can emulsifiable oil 20-30 ml, 40 kg water Sprayed on the stems and leaves of plants, it has better control effect against Setaria viridis, tendon grass, and crabgrass, and has no phytotoxicity. Mu can be used with perennial Geranium weeds such as Spike-root and Imperata. 2 Peanut fields dominated by broad-leaved weeds. The use of diphenhydryl herbicides such as Huwei (fenflufenicin), Kekuile ​​(milfloxacin) and Bendason can be used. Mu 24% Kekuile ​​EC 25-40 milliliters, 40 kilograms of water, before the height of broadleaf weeds plant 5 cm tall, stem and leaf spray, a variety of broad-leaved weeds have a good control effect. Mu using 48% Bentasone liquid 130-200 ml, 40 kg water, spraying in the weed 3-5 leaf stage, special effects on a variety of broad-leaved weeds and Cyperaceae weeds, but for the miscellaneous Invalid grass. 3 Peanut field mixed with grass weeds and broad-leaved weeds. The combination of the above two types of herbicides can be used to control both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds. Mu with 10.8% of high-efficiency canopy emulsifiable concentrate 20-25 ml plus 45% Bentasone liquid 100-150 ml, or plus 24% Kekuile ​​EC 10-20 ml, spraying at weed 2-4 leaf stage, can Effective control of many annual single and dicotyledonous weeds. Stem and leaf treatments are mainly sprayed. The application period should be controlled during the period when it is safe to peanuts and sensitive to weeds, that is, we should master the basic weeds in the weeds, weeds in the 2-4 leaf stage, and broadleaf weeds. It is carried out at a height of 5-10 cm.
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