At present, the flowering period of peaches, apricots, pears and other fruit trees has passed and they have gradually entered the fruit setting period. At this time of year, many fruit growers will suffer from headaches and fruit trees. Some fruit orchards even have sprayed preserved fruit hormones. The effect is not satisfactory either. When the fruit drop is serious, the output of fruit trees will be greatly reduced and the income of farmers will also be greatly affected. Then, what factors will cause fruit trees to fall and fall, and what measures should farmers take to prevent them?
the reason:
Poor weather, poor management
Insufficient application of base fertilizer or partial application of certain fertilizers in soil dephosphorization will lead to defertilization of the soil, which in turn will lead to the lack of fruit trees. Generally, fruit growers pay more attention to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, but it is easy to neglect the application of some trace elements such as boron, iron, calcium, zinc, etc. These trace elements have a very important effect on fruit trees to maintain stable fruit.
Drought Water shortage Drought and water shortage are important factors affecting orchard production. Some orchards have poor site conditions and are inconvenient for irrigation. The critical period of fruit tree water demand cannot guarantee adequate water in the soil, and will inevitably lead to serious flowering and fruit loss.
Severe diseases and insect pests Serious pests and diseases will reduce the area of ​​fruit and leaves, affect the photosynthesis of fruit trees, resulting in insufficient supply of nutrients for flowers and fruits, resulting in falling flowers.
Poor weather conditions encountered more wind and rain in the flowering period of fruit trees, causing more flowers to fall off earlier. In addition, too much rain also causes the soil to be too wet, affecting the absorption of nutrients by the roots of the fruit trees and aggravating the occurrence of falling flowers and falling fruit.
Some fruit growers don't have enough fruits or fruit to see some fruit trees and fruit trees. They can't sparse or only sparsely disperse a few parts. In this way, too many fruits and nuts consume a lot of nutrients. When the nutritional supply of fruit trees is insufficient, the fruit and fruit will fall naturally.
Inappropriate fertilization medication during flowering period Spraying or foliar dressing when the temperature is too high during the flowering period can easily cause injury and damage to the plant and cause the flowers to lose water and fall off; excessive spraying of pesticides or fertilizers at flowering stages can also result in falling flowers; Spraying pesticides will kill many insects, affect the pollination of insects, and increase flowering.
Summer shoot control is not effective in summer with high temperatures, and the fertilizer has a quick effect. The fruit trees are easy to extract summer shoots. In the fruiting period, the adult fruit trees need both long fruit and long fruit shoots, and the vegetative growth and reproductive growth are synchronous. The contradiction between the two is more prominent. At this time, if the summer shoots are ineffective, excessive summer shoots consume large amounts of nutrients, which can cause falling flowers and falling fruit.
prevention:
Strengthen management and use drugs rationally
Insect pest control According to the law of occurrence of pests and diseases, pest control work is seriously done to reduce the threat of disease and insect pests to the normal growth and development of fruit trees.
Rational fertilization is mainly based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, and appropriate top dressing, paying attention to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and paying attention to the application of trace fertilizers.
Scientific management of water In general, fruit trees need more water in the three stages of budding, flowering and young fruit expansion, and they should be timely watered, which can be combined with topdressing. Be careful to do it on a sunny morning or in the evening. Do not pour water at high noon during hot days. In addition, when the soil appears dry, it should be timely irrigation. Arid mountain fruit orchards can also be treated with drought-relief agents to enhance the drought resistance of fruit trees. If excessive rainfall causes the accumulation of water in the park, the drain in the park should be dredged to avoid damage.
Thinning and fruit thinning Fruit trees with a large amount of flowers and flowers must be thinned and thinned, and the amount of spent fruit should be determined according to the specific tree vigor, not too little or too much. It usually takes 2-3 sparsely to set the fruit.
Pressure control summer shoots can be used paclobutrazol water spray or take a new tip to control the rapid growth of summer shoots, prevent summer shoots excessive consumption of nutrients to focus on the growth of fruit.
Properly spraying the topdressing fruit tree flowering period should minimize the application of insecticides, spraying and dressing fertilizers outside the root should not be carried out at high temperatures, and the concentration of drugs, fertilizers can not be too large. Note that fruit-sensitive chemicals and fertilizers cannot be applied.
Spraying Paulownia fruit hormones to spray gibberellin or cytokinin at the flowering and young fruit of fruit trees can play a role in flower protection and fruit protection. Note that the hormone application concentration should be determined according to the type of fruit tree and the specific application time. It is advisable not to use 2,4-D to preserve the fruit. Although the drug is inexpensive, it has a large number of side effects. A slight carelessness can cause phytotoxicity, which in turn aggravates flowering and fruit loss.
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