Release date: 2015-06-10
Sometimes cells become exhausted. When T cells in the body's immune system are "forced" against cancer or chronic infections, such as HIV or hepatitis C, T cells become "depleted", thus making the immune system No longer effective, losing the ability to attack and destroy intruders; and a protein called PD-1 plays an important role in T cell depletion, so does PD-1 directly trigger T cell depletion? In a research paper published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, the researchers from the University of Pennsylvania gave the answer.
In short-term infections, such as a cold, PD-1 helps regulate a strong T cell initiation effect. When the infection is cleared, PD-1 inhibits T cells from proliferating to prevent them from attacking their tissues; In patients with chronically infected diseases, blocking PD-1 has been shown to be an effective strategy for T cells to attack cancer and the like, but to block the entire pathway or reversible T cell depletion and improve the human body's tumors. Immunity and anti-tumor effects of animal models.
In the article, the researchers used a meningitis virus to infect PD-1 knockout mice to see if PD-1 knockout was sufficient to reverse T cell depletion, and the researchers subsequently observed a strong initial T cell response; The transient destruction of 1 may have a powerful therapeutic effect because it temporarily accelerates the body's immune response, and the transient deletion of the PD-1 signal appears to produce a strong immune response.
Subsequently, the researchers said that there are many subtypes of depleted T cells. Some of these subtypes will be activated by the short blockade of PD-1, while others will not. The study found that the PD-1 signal will Regulating the balance of these subtypes, in fact, PD-1 will help preserve some T cells so that they can play a role in the later battles with foreign invaders or tumors.
The final researcher, Whirley, said that this study may help identify novel potential biomarkers in the PD-1 signaling pathway, and further researchers will delve deeper into some of the unknown functions of PD-1. I don't know the molecular signal of PD-1, and how the PD-1 signal is interlaced with other immunotherapy to treat the disease. Of course, this is to be elucidated in later studies.
Source: Bio-Exploration
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