I. Soil requirements and rotation system
Long cowpea has a wide adaptability to soil, but it is better to have rich organic matter, good drainage, deep soil layer, and relatively loose loam or sandy loam. Neutral or slightly acidic is best. The acidity is too strong, and quicklime can be applied to the soil to improve it. Cowpea avoids continuous cropping. Try to choose early water rotation or plots that have not been planted with cowpea for years.
Selection of varieties
According to local consumption habits, different varieties are selected in different seasons, such as early spring selection of early birth king, Zhixun special early 30, Zhixuan 28-2 and so on. The most grown locally is Chunxuan, which is about 70%, and is suitable for summer cultivation.
Third, cultivation period and method
The general sowing period is from late February to mid August. Sowing before April should be covered with mulching film and small arch shed. When the temperature is high at noon, remove the film from the small arch shed in time to prevent scalding of the seedlings. When the temperature is low in the morning and evening Cover it to prevent cold damage. After the temperature rises, cowpea seedlings touch the small arch shed, and then remove the small arch shed in time. Sowing after April, it is recommended to use plastic mulch cultivation, which can protect the soil and fertilizer and reduce the growth of weeds. It can increase soil temperature in spring and promote growth, and protect the root system from rain in summer to reduce disease.
Four, fertilization
After the previous crop is harvested, the ground is turned deep in time, and after freezing, it is beneficial to eliminate germs and eggs and ripen the soil. Due to the long harvest time of cowpea, rhizobium is underdeveloped. Applying sufficient base fertilizer is an important guarantee for achieving high yield. Generally, 2,000 to 2500 kg of cooked pig pen fertilizer, 15 to 20 kg of compound fertilizer, and 1.5 to 2 kg of borax are applied every 667m2.
V. Seeding
Dry seeds are generally used for seeding, and sunny and warm weather should be selected for seeding to facilitate seed germination and emergence. Due to the strong growth potential of long cowpea, planting should not be too dense, with a width of 1.5m, two rows of plantings, a hole spacing of 0.25 to 0.3m, and 3 to 4 seeds per sow.
Six, lead and pruning
The long cowpea can be erected when it grows to 5-6 leaves. The frame type is generally in-line (more wind resistant), that is, one bamboo pole (2 to 2.3m in height) is inserted into each plant. Artificially assisted vines are recommended to be put on the shelf. It is best to choose the afternoon on a sunny day. At this time, the vines are more flexible and are not easy to be broken during operation. Wind the vine around the bamboo pole counterclockwise. At this time, the straw must be positioned on the pole in time with straw. Before the plants are full, it is usually necessary to artificially assist the vines 3 to 4 times. All the side branches below the first tidbit are wiped off, and the old leaves in the lower part and field leaves are removed in time to reduce pests and diseases.
Seven, increase the application of pod fertilizer
Long cowpea has a longer harvesting period, and reasonable application of pod-forming fertilizer can increase yield. Generally, the first inflorescence is fertilized once the fruit is settled, and then every other week, 10 to 15 kg of nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer is applied every 667 m2. During the harvest 2 to 3 times, spraying the foliage with 1% to 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can make the leaves thicker and more colorful, extend the harvest period, and effectively increase the pod formation rate.
Eight, pest control
Cowpea has many diseases and insect pests. Root rot and pod viburnum are more serious. For root rot, irrigate the plant base or irrigate roots with 1500 times 70% dioxon or 1000 times 50% root rot spirit. The first irrigation was started 7 to 10 days after emergence. Each plant was 0.25 kg of syrup, irrigated once every 7 days, three times in a row. Bean pods can use 1.8% insect mite light emulsification oil 2000-3000 times, 25% mighty EC, 1000 times, 5% apocalypse and 5% stuck 1000-1500 times from the bud stage
Spray flowers once every 10d, the spray effect in the morning is good.
Nine, heavy application of flower fertilizer
Take advantage of adventitious buds and latent buds of cowpea to promote the re-differentiation of flower buds. When cowpeas are picked to the top and upper part, the flower buds and axillary buds of cowpeas will be redifferentiated, flowered and pods will be re-applied through re-application of flower fertilizer and management. The flower fertilization can't promote the effect of flowering earlier, and the plant of cowpea that has been delayed has begun to decline. Generally, a set of red rushing methods is added per acre. Generally, 3 to 4 flowers can be redistributed on the original pedicels.
Ten, protect the flower handle of cowpea
When turning flower cultivation, you must not hurt or damage the flower stalk of cowpea when picking, otherwise the flower buds will no longer differentiate.
Eleven, timely harvesting
For young pods, generally 10-12 days after flowering, the pods are full, the tissues are crisp and not white and soft, and the grains are not harvested until the harvest time. When harvesting, prevent strains remaining on the inflorescence. Harvested in batches and listed on time.
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