Squid is currently the most precious aquatic product in the domestic and international markets. In particular, caviar produced from salmon roe is known as "dark gold" and has a high nutritional value. It has become a luxury luxury for royalty and aristocrats. Its price is as high as $800/kg, and the price of its ordinary commercial fish is also 40. Yuan/kg. It is precisely because of the value of the squid, which has high economic benefits and a good market prospect. There are more and more fishermen breeding domestic squid.
Since cage culture is not restricted by water, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other waters can be provided with cages for fish breeding as long as the water depth is suitable and no toxic substances are contaminated. Moreover, cage culture has the advantages of rapid growth, short breeding cycle, high quality, and taste. Delicious, easy to manage, and flexible operation. Most fishermen choose the cage culture mode. Through many years of observation of the farm, it has been found that there are many problems in the breeding of carp cages that require in-depth exploration and consideration. Now the problems in the cage culture are discussed as follows:
Blindly expanding production investment and forcing the high input and low output of carp cultured in cages in large-scale cages in the natural world
Due to the high profits brought about by carp farming, the rapid development of the carp aquaculture industry has been promoted, resulting in fishermen blindly expanding their production investment to develop cage culture. As long as there are water sources, fish cages will be set up in the cages. They will neither investigate the aquaculture water resources nor analyze the quality of the water, nor will they consider the problem of water environment pollution. This will result in overloading of reservoir cage culture and cause water pollution. Seriously, the area of ​​cultured waters is aging. High temperatures, extreme weather, increased fish diseases, and large amounts of money are lost. There are many funds for labor, feed, and seed investment each year. As a result, there is less cash for the harvested fish.
Unreasonable layout of cages and inadequate management measures
Many reservoirs, rivers, and lakes have many corners and crossways. The layout of cages is irrational and has been overly dense, affecting shipping or water pollution. In many water areas, there is an environment where the density of cages exceeds the national standard for large-scale cage culture. The density of salmon in effective water bodies is too high, resulting in poor water flow, severe oxygen deprivation, and residual baits and fish excrement cannot be quickly Contaminated with water and contaminated with water, causing frequent fish diseases, resulting in a large number of fish suffocation death in cages, there is still daily management in the aquaculture production is not standardized, feeding more blind; Fish disease control is not effective; dead fish, sick fish Domestic garbage, etc. are dumped into the river to exacerbate water pollution.
Cage culture technology is weak
1. Lack of feeding management techniques. Some fishermen see other people raising fish fortune, blindly follow the trend, the lack of breeding experience, feeding management is not in place, fish disease prevention and control is not in place, the loss of more fish each year. It is understood that most of the fishermen do not adopt scientific feeding methods, their production and operation management are not standardized, and the selection of feed manufacturers is not regular. The annual proportion of deaths caused by man-made factors is large.
2. Lack of stocking techniques. The carp is relatively delicate and has strict requirements on the water temperature and culture environment. It does not choose a reasonable time for entering the box or the specification of the box, which can easily cause large-scale deaths. Cage cultured in cages should be stocked in winter and spring, requiring strong physique, no injuries, disease-free, lively swimming, large and neat size, and a body length of 15cm or more. It is fully capable of feeding compound feed, and the survival rate is guaranteed. The fry is too small or feed to feed properly. The mortality rate after entering the cage is more than 60%. The stocking density should not be too high. The body surface of the carp has a rigid bone plate. When the stocking density is too high, the fish rush to eat food intensely and the fish body rubs each other. Collisions are easily injured and are extremely susceptible to the death of pathogens.
3. Lack of fish disease prevention awareness. Many fishermen lack the awareness of fish disease prevention in the breeding process, and do not strengthen the prevention of fish diseases on weekdays. They only raise vigilance and treat them after the fish’s illness. In fact, it’s too late, the density of cage culture is high, and fish disease is infected. Soon, there will be massive deaths in a matter of days.
Seed quality is insecure
After the high profits of the carp breeding market, there are seed production factories all over the country. Wild carp carp broodstock are used for artificial breeding of fish fry, and artificially cultivated carp has reached sexual maturity and artificially propagated to obtain fry. Wild-caught carp parents live in the natural environment for a long time, and the mothers are likely to carry bacterial and viral fish diseases in the eggs of parasitized fish. After oxytocin is carried to the various waters through fertilized eggs or fish fry, the disease causes cross-infection. In the same way, the artificially cultivated carp, if not strictly disinfected, will also be carried by the fish to the aquaculture waters. Every year, fish diseases in cage culture increase, and it is difficult to prevent and control every year, which brings huge economic losses to farmers. Therefore, fish disease quarantine work must be done before purchasing fish species.
The deterioration of the natural environment has resulted in more fish lost annually in cage culture
Carp is a cold-water fish, and the suitable temperature for growth is 15°C-25°C. It is most likely to cause bacterial fish disease above 26°C, especially for the Amur sturgeon, Daphnia magna, and their hybrids, 1.5kg. The left and right fish species are most likely to get sick, and the mortality rate is as high as 70%. Extreme high-temperature weather in recent years has brought huge economic losses to the squid farmers. Therefore, it is critical to select breeding species for cage culture. The breeding species should be determined according to the habits of different species of squid. At the same time, before the arrival of the high temperature season, fish disease prevention and control work will be done to deepen the depth of cages and reduce the breeding density.
Some Misunderstandings in Aquaculture Production
1. There is no brand awareness of feed quality. The kind of feed is cheap to feed on that kind of feed. Feed intake is the only way for carp to obtain energy to maintain normal life activities. The feed quality determines the feeding effect of feed in aquaculture. Poor quality of feed will directly affect the feeding and digestion and absorption of squid, so that the feed utilization rate will be reduced, the feed coefficient will increase, fish will grow slowly and it will be easy to get sick. There are many types of eel feed on the market, and the prices vary. Farmers lack knowledge about feed quality and do not consider the nutrition of feed. As long as the price is cheap, the result is low feed utilization rate, large waste, serious water pollution, and fish. Poor body resistance, the incidence of increased risk.
2. Increase the amount of feed in the range of suitable growth water temperature and promote the rapid growth of carp. Carp grows rapidly in the range of suitable water temperature, and grows slowly or stops growing above the temperature of suitable water for growth. Many fishermen, based on the growth characteristics of carp, in order to grasp the season, grab the market, increase the feed amount of several times, and promote the rapid growth of carp. There are too many nutrients such as protein, fat and sugar in the feed. The nutrient indicators in the feed are not suitable for the cultured objects; in order to have large feed sales, a lot of auxins, hormones and the like are added, which causes the fish to grow too fast. The burden is so great that it can cause liver disease. In the hot season, when the water temperature is too high, the culture environment deteriorates, and fish disease erupts. Most of the fish appear white and the liver is bleeding and necrotic, especially in 1-2 kg of fish species. The mortality rate is as high as 70%.
3. The larger the fish dose, the better the treatment effect. Many fish farmers do not prevent or neglect the carp before they get sick, and blindly take drugs or overdosage drugs once the disease occurs. It does not analyze the cause of the disease, but only uses experience to administer the drug. In addition, the drug is administered at high doses and the dose is 10 times or even more than 10 times higher than the safe dose. The correct method of drug use is: correct diagnosis, accurate measurement of the right medicine, use of quasi-drug doses, external use of drugs, Quanchiposa, to accurately calculate the volume of pool water, and taking into account the water quality characteristics and the impact of water temperature at that time, the dose of internal medicine How many drugs are eaten per kilogram of fish to represent, and when formulating baits, account should also be taken of the loss of the drug in the water. Note that when estimating the total number of fish, the proportion of growth weight gain at each stage must be taken into account, and the amount of baits that can be fed should not be calculated by the type of fish.
4. Western medicine powder is effective in treating fish diseases. The abuse of fish medicines in real production is quite serious. The illegal use of illegal fish medicines has been banned for many times. Drug residues have exceeded standards, which directly affect food safety and personal health and safety. Many western medicines such as chloramphenicol, furazolidone, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin are banned. However, farmers lack awareness in actual production and they always feel that western medicine has a good effect in curing diseases and feeds still contain illegal fish medicines. The key to fish disease lies in prevention. As long as farmers follow standard technical procedures and standard operations, regulate aquaculture, reduce breeding density, improve aquaculture water environment, choose high-quality feed scientific feeding, and regularly add Chinese medicine baits for prevention to reduce the incidence of fish diseases.
Strategies for healthy development of carp cage culture
1. Investigation and management. Investigate and study the aquaculture water environment capacity, strengthen macro-level guidance and management, systematically evacuate and rationally deploy aquaculture areas that are overly concentrated and overly densely populated, and strive to develop cages outside the bay to reduce inner bays. Load to improve the water environment.
2. Select high-quality squid varieties to improve the quality of farmed fish. Through the breeding of wild salmon species, the breeding of the parent breeding of the artificial breeding of carp will be carried out; the genetic improvement will be carried out to cultivate the fine varieties (lines) and the unitary and polyploid seedlings; and the disease resistance of the cultured varieties will be improved.
3. Feed high-quality foods to improve the utilization of feed and reduce pollution in aquaculture waters. According to different varieties and different stages of nutritional needs, feeding high-efficiency, palatable artificial diet. This will not only improve the nutritional value and utilization of the bait, but also avoid the pollution of the water environment caused by the inferior feed.
4. Strengthen disease prevention and promote healthy farming patterns. By reducing the breeding density, reducing the use of antibiotics, developing high-efficient and low-residue fish medicines, adopting scientific fish culture techniques, establishing a healthy breeding model, and strengthening disease monitoring and forecasting. At the same time, it will strengthen the management of aquaculture, detect the affected individuals in time and conduct prevention and treatment to prevent the disease from spreading horizontally so that the disease can be controlled before it is transmitted.
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