Fungicides A class of pesticides used to control plant diseases caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and generally refer to fungicides. The use of fungicides is a cost-effective method of controlling plant diseases. Because the application technology of fungicides is more complicated, the development speed is not as fast as that of insecticides. However, the role of fungicides in increasing yield protection of agriculture has been increasingly recognized by farmers. With the modernization of China's agriculture, the development of fungicides will inevitably occur. accelerate. How effective the fungicide is to exert better efficacy is summarized in the following seven points:
(1) Properly configure the concentration:
When using fungicides (including water and wettable powders) to spray, it is necessary to make or dilute the drug to the appropriate concentration with water. The use of different concentrations of fungicides has its own special requirements, the configuration must be strictly in accordance with the operating instructions, can not be arbitrarily increased or reduced. If the concentration is too high, it can easily cause injury, and if the concentration is too low, it cannot achieve the effect of using drugs to prevent diseases.
(2) When asked to spray:
In general, the time of spraying the fungicide too late or too early will affect the control effect. The premature spraying of pesticides not only causes waste, but also reduces the control effect. However, when the spraying time is too late, a large number of pathogens have invaded the host or cause harm, and even if the systemic drug is sprayed, the results will not be as effective. Therefore, the use of fungicides should be based on the occurrence of crop diseases, and the forecast and the occurrence of specific conditions in a timely manner medication. Usually, the time for the use of the bactericide should be prior to the onset (protective use) or early onset (prevention).
(3) Mastering the number of medications:
The number of spraying of the bactericide is mainly determined by the length of the residual period of the medicament and the meteorological conditions. Usually sprayed once every 10-15 days, spray a total of 2-3 times. In case of special circumstances, such as rain after application, it should be sprayed once.
(4) Improve drug quality:
The quality of the spray of the fungicide includes the amount of the drug and the quality of the spray. The number of medications should be appropriate. Overdosing on the one hand will increase the cost, on the other hand, it will easily cause injury. Too little medication can not achieve the purpose of medication. The quality of medication should be emphasized. When spraying, it is required to have dense fog and uniform spraying. It is necessary to spray the front and back of the stem and the leaves of the plant so as to avoid leakage.
(5) Strictly prevent drug injury:
There are many reasons for phytotoxicity caused by bactericides. First of all, generally strong water-soluble chemicals are prone to phytotoxicity. Secondly, different crops have different susceptibility to pesticides. For example, Bordeaux fluid will not cause phytotoxicity, but sensitive to copper. Can also produce phytotoxicity. Beans, potatoes, and cotton are sensitive to lime sulfur and have a higher risk of injury. In addition, the different growth and development stages of crops respond differently to pesticides, and the seedlings and booting stages of the crops are susceptible to phytotoxicity. In addition, phytotoxicity and meteorological conditions such as temperature and sunshine also have a certain relationship, generally high temperature and drought, strong sunlight or heavy fog, high humidity and other conditions are likely to cause crop injury.
(6) Prudent Drug Mixing:
Most of the bactericides are alkaline pesticides. Therefore, they cannot be mixed with insecticides that can easily decompose and fail in case of alkaline substances. For example, Bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur, etc. are alkaline and can not be mixed with 1605, dimethoate or dichlorvos, otherwise it will Causes both defeats. There are also some fungicides such as carbendazim, Beauveria bassiana, etc. that cannot be mixed with Bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur, thiophanate, and other fungicides, as well as the loss of biological activity and insecticidal (microbial) capacity of insecticidal (microbial) microorganisms. Failure. In addition, some chemical reactions that are mixed and caused by phytotoxicity cannot be confused with spectroscopy. Of course, not all fungicides can be mixed with other pesticides, and a few fungicides and pesticides can also play a synergistic role. For example, the use of dimethoate in combination with acid bactericidal agents such as zeocin or wettable sulphur or colloidal sulphur not only does not affect the efficacy of the drug, but also has the effect of improving drug efficacy.
(7) Pay attention to avoid drug resistance:
The use of fungicides also has the problem of resistance to crop diseases. Long-term use of a single agent (mainly a systemic fungicide) can lead to resistance to pathogens. Even repeated drug use will not help, and even worse. In order to avoid disease resistance, it is necessary to scientifically select pesticides based on the actual use of alternating (rotary) uses of different types of pharmaceuticals, and it is strictly prohibited to use a single pesticide for a long period of time.
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