Cattle is an intrinsic common breed of cattle in China. It has a large number of cattle and is kept throughout the country. Yellow beef is exquisite, delicious, rich in meat, and rich in protein. Cattle has the characteristics of resistance to roughage, cold resistance, strong disease resistance, and good breeding efficiency. This issue introduces a group of cattle breeding techniques for farmers' reference.
Feeding methods
Timing rations should be fed with appropriate amount of grass to increase the appetite and vitamin supply of cattle. According to different seasons, the amount of fodder can be determined. In summer, it is generally used to drink 3 times a day and each cow feeds 1.3~1.7 kg of hay each time. Forage mixed feed, so that "grass net, material net, tank net, water net." When grazing and fattening in the mountains use natural grassland to grazing, they must be full, otherwise they must add hay and mixed feed. The amount of concentrate supplementation is about 1 to 2.5 kg. The composite feed is made up of wheat bran, cornmeal, cottonseed skin, cottonseed cake or bean cake, salt, etc. in proportion, 0.3 to 0.5 kilograms each time, adhere to 3 times daily feeding, each interval is not less than 6 hours, and drink 0.5 hours after feeding. % ~ 0.65% of salt water 7.5 ~ 10 kg, fattening cattle drink at least 2 times a day, drink enough.
Dietary supplemented diet refers to a group of mixed feeds fed by a fattening cow for a day and night. It generally includes green fodder, roughage, concentrated feed and additive feed. The fattening cattle diets are based on feeding standards and can be flexibly applied in conjunction with local feed resources. On the basis of meeting energy needs, the needs of proteins, minerals and vitamins can be further considered. The intake of yellow cattle is 2 to 3 kg of dry matter per 100 kg of body weight. The energy requirement of yellow cattle is 86%~93%, proteins are 6%~12%, and minerals and vitamins are 1%~2%. The feed should be in line with the appropriate physiological characteristics of the digestive system of cattle, mainly based on roughage, with a small amount of concentrated feed, the crude fiber content in the diet should not be less than 13%. The diet should be diversified and good palatability, in line with the ability of cattle to eat. It is necessary to meet the nutritional needs, but also to enable cattle to eat under the full food, feed should be drawn as much as possible, on-site production, reduce costs.
The method is to first check the nutrition table and feed nutrient content table, and initially determine the type and amount of forage grass in the diet. In general, 1 to 1.5 kg of hay and 3 to 4 kg of silage are given per 100 kg of body weight. The nutrient requirement of the cattle is subtracted from the nutrient content provided by the forage. The difference is the amount of nutrients supplemented by the concentrate, supplemented with minerals and vitamins. If urea is used to increase the level of crude protein in the diet, the amount should not exceed 3% of the amount of concentrate. After feeding, large amounts of water cannot be consumed immediately to avoid poisoning and death.
Feeding pastures properly to feed pastures can effectively reduce the incidence of diseases of the digestive system, and also reduce the consumption of refined feeds, effectively maximizing the benefits of fattening and rearing. Cattle generally need 30 to 50 kilograms of green feed per head per day. Mixed cattle including young cattle and yaks need an average of 30 kilograms of green feed per head per day. To realize the uninterrupted supply of green fodder throughout the year, one-year-old pasture should be combined with perennial grasses, tropical grasses and temperate grasses, and single-species and interplanting should be used as unit areas.
Breeding management
Shorten the empty time Cows estrus After correct identification of each stage of estrus, select the most appropriate time insemination timely breeding. According to the reproductive physiology of cattle, it is ideal to produce 1 yak for 1 year, and it usually takes 30 to 40 days for the uterus to recover after cows' birth. Therefore, 40 days after childbirth is a period of crucial importance for cow reproduction, such as the management of the drug after cow delivery, the promotion of uterine recovery and recovery of reproductive function of the ovary, the provision of scientific breeding management conditions, and the creation of a suitable environment. If the cow is found to have no estrus after 50 days after childbirth, the cow's health, nutritional status, ovaries and uterus should be promptly examined and treated to prevent cravings and infertility. Acupuncture can also be performed using drugs and other methods to increase the rate of cows.
Emphasis on Pregnancy Management During 2 months of pregnancy, the embryos are free in the uterus and the implantation process is gradually completed. The fetus is fed with nutrients secreted by the endometrium and transitions to the placenta to absorb maternal nutrition. If the feeding level of pregnant cows is too low during this period, especially when the feed quality is poor, the lack of uterine milk secretion will affect the embryonic development and cause embryonic death; during the late pregnancy, due to the rapid growth and development of the fetus, the demand for nutrients will increase substantially. The lack of nutrients or incomplete nutrients can easily cause abortion and premature delivery of cows. If the feeding level is too high, it will cause cows to produce weak beaks, stillbirths or dystocia. In nutrients, the satisfaction of protein, mineral, and vitamin nutrients is particularly important. Feed and chilled drinking water should be prevented from spoiling, acidity, frost, and poisonous feeds. Management of pregnant cows should be reasonable and exercise should be adequate. Frightening, slipping, whipping, top racks, etc., to strengthen the protection of abortion experience, and if necessary, take anti-urethral drugs or progesterone injections and other drugs to protect the baby.
Improving the survival rate of calves The nutritional status of pregnant cows at the end of pregnancy is very important for raising calves' initial weight and survival rate. New calves have no immunity. After eating colostrum, the immunoglobulin in colostrum is absorbed through the intestine. Into the blood, calves only have immunity, so the time to eat colostrum after birth should be as soon as possible. In order to reduce the calf mortality rate and develop healthy calves, the calves must be allowed to eat colostrum and eat as much as possible within 2 hours postpartum. Seven to ten days after the yak is born, it is possible to train feed concentrates and quality roughage, promote the development of yak's gastrointestinal tract and improve its function, and prepare for weaning in advance.
Daily health care
Deworming fitness
The newly arrived cattle are vulnerable to stress due to environmental changes, transportation, and fright. They can add a small amount of salt and brown sugar to drinking water, drink for 1 week, and feed more grass or hay, and add a small amount of bran after 2 days. Skin, gradual transition, we must pay attention to observe the herd's feeding, excretion, and mental status, and wait until the whole herd stabilizes before deworming and stomach.
The deworming is best arranged in the afternoon or evening. The cattle excrete the body during the day to facilitate collection and treatment. Deworming should be selected when the cattle fasting, the best stop before feeding for several hours, only to drink water, in order to facilitate drug absorption and improve efficacy. After deworming, the cattle should be kept in isolation for 2 weeks and their feces should be disinfected and decontaminated.
At present, there are many types of anthelmintic drugs. Commonly used are alfredin, albendazole, trichlorfon, and levamisole. Insect Buster (avermectin) is the drug of choice for deworming. The drug is effective against dozens of nematodes in livestock and poultry as well as in vitro and in vivo parasites such as cockroaches, cockroaches, cockroaches, and fly pupae. According to different dosage forms can be oral, orally and subcutaneously. The dosage is 10 mg per 3 kg body weight, fed or mixed in the feed; 0.2 ml subcutaneous injection per 10 kg body weight of the neck.
Jianweixiaoshi
Due to improper feeding methods or unclean feed, etc., it is easy to cause deposits of rumen and valve stomach in cattle, resulting in poor appetite and indigestion. Should be fasting filling concentration of 1% of baking soda water, wait until yellow steak out of debris (in order to pull black dilute feces), and then began feeding fattening feed. After 3 days of deworming, 1 stomach should be given to increase appetite and improve digestive function. The stomach can be used to adjust the gastrointestinal function, such as the use of Jianwei San, artificial salt, pepsin, trypsin, gentian, etc., generally after the stomach ox spirit is good, strong appetite.
Pre-gastric relaxation
Exclude rumen contents and restore rumen motor function, correct dehydration and acidosis.
Chinese medicine therapy is mainly based on clear diarrhea, and it is accompanied by digestion and stagnation, and spleen and appetizers. Attending consumer product stagnation, attacking purge. Euphorbia, Ganzi each 15 grams, 15 grams of Croton, 30 grams of morning glory, 60 grams of Astragalus, 60 grams of rhubarb, 100 grams of talc, 120 grams of Glauber's salt, about 600 grams of lard, research for the fine, warm boiled water 1, oral administration; Western medicine oral administration of edible alkali, vegetable oil, the other with 5% sodium bicarbonate and saline, the amount depending on the acidosis dehydration conditions, while with 20% An Na coffee, mixed 1 intravenous drip.
Rumen gas
Chinese medicine therapy should be smooth deflating, 25 grams of woody, black peony, Atractylodes each 30 grams, 45 grams of rhubarb, Gorgon, thick fill, radish seed, green skin 60 grams each, six songs, 90 grams each of hawthorn, Glauber's salt 100 Grams, sesame oil amount, research for the fine, warm boiling water, 1 filling. Can also be used 125 grams of tobacco, edible oil 150 grams, mixed into a group, 1 filling service. Or use a saponin 1, research fine, blow into the nostrils.
Exhaust pressure decompression, for mild cases, the diseased animals can be led to the slope, so that the sick animals take a high and low position before standing, while a small wooden rod coated with fish and fat is placed in the mouth of the diseased animal, both ends of the tether Fixed, so that the mouth of the animals, constantly chewing, to promote heating. For severe cases, immediately use a trocar to perform urethral puncture and deflation on the left axilla, or insert a 1% sodium bicarbonate solution into the gastric tube to drain the stomach and export too much forage and gas.
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