The annual replanting area of ​​vegetables in Dangyang City, Hubei Province is 216,700 hm2. Due to the perennial application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, soil acidification is serious, soil-borne diseases are aggravated, and the quality and quality of agricultural products are degraded. Adopting the watermelon-cucumber rotation cultivation mode, according to the soil fertility and the fertilizer requirement of the crop, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can not only save production costs, but also improve economic benefits. Let's introduce the efficient rotation mode of watermelon-cucumber for reference by the majority of growers.
1st anniversary pass
At the end of February, watermelons were used to raise seedlings, and the open fields began to be transplanted in early April. They were harvested in mid-June; cucumbers were seeded at the end of July, transplanted in late August (also available live), and harvested in late September.
2 Cultivation techniques
2.1 Watermelon cultivation technology
1 variety selection
Watermelon is the 84-24 seed melon produced by the Xinjiang Grape Melon Development Research Center.
2 seedling planting
At the end of February, watermelon was used to raise seedlings and to raise seedlings with artificially prepared nutrient-growing soil with good fertility, looseness and good water retention. If the soil is contaminated by pathogenic bacteria, soil disinfection should be carried out in advance. It is advisable to plant 4 to 5 pieces of true leaves. Half a month before planting, 100 kg of succulent cake fertilizer and 50 kg of 45% potassium sulphate compound fertilizer per 667 m2 were applied to the ground evenly, then ploughed, crushed, and smashed, and the width of the sorghum was 2 m wide and sorghum (畦 height 30cm), to ensure that the width of the car is 1.7cm. For the early spring to promote cultivation in the open field, after the completion of the land preparation, it is forbidden to plant immediately. The transparent mulch must be covered to increase the temperature of the soil inside the raft. At the beginning of April, the seedlings were planted at a planting height of 350 plants per 667 m2, and the planting distance was 1.7 m × 1.1 m. The seedlings were selected from the nutrient soils of the seedlings, and the loquat surface should be slightly higher than the alfalfa surface. Set up a small arch shed.
3 Field management
Watermelon seedlings are mainly composed of heat preservation and moisturizing before being unearthed. The temperature in the seedbed should be kept at 25-30 °C, prompting the seedlings to be quickly unearthed. After the seedlings are unearthed and before the first true leaves, it is easy to grow up. Proper ventilation in time is the main measure to prevent the length of the child. The temperature inside the bed should be reduced during this period, 22 to 25 ° C during the day and 15 to 18 ° C during the night. After the first true leaf appears, the temperature can be appropriately increased, 25 to 28 ° C during the day and 18 to 10 ° C during the night. About 7 days before the seedlings were planted, the seedbed stopped watering, and the seedlings were gradually carried out according to the weather conditions. Watermelon planting is afraid of cockroaches. After planting, in addition to watering in the vine season and fruit expansion period, there is generally no need for watering and fertilization. The watermelon is topdressed twice in the growing season (seat melon fertilizer, expanded melon fertilizer), and 10 to 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per 667 m2 is applied to the water hole, and the water needs to be controlled before the ripening.
4 Main pest control
50% of the seedling stage can be used to control the blight of the wettable powder 800 times liquid, and 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times liquid to prevent rickets; 70% in the later stage Imported methyl thiophanate WP 800 times liquid + Luheng No. 1 (MMO) 4 000 ~ 5000 times liquid to control blight. 90% trichlorfon crystal 1500 times liquid can be used to control yellow squash, 10% imidacloprid WP 1000 times liquid to control aphids, 1.8% Nongke emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times liquid or 35% chlorpyrifos 1500 times liquid to control red spider .
2.2 Cucumber cultivation techniques
1 variety selection
Cucumber is the Cuiguan provided by Hebei Tangshan Xinma Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
2 seedling planting
The seedlings are transplanted at the end of July, and they are transplanted in the late August. (The live field can be directly germinated after the completion of the land preparation in late August). Applying 30 kg of potassium sulphate type compound fertilizer per 667 m2 during the preparation of the ground, applying the base fertilizer to the surface, then plowing, crushing the soil and making sputum, the width of the sulcus is 2 m, and the sorghum is 30 cm high, ensuring a width of 1.7 m. Planting was carried out according to the planting distance of 40 cm from the plant, and the seedlings were topdressed twice, with 15 kg per 667 m2.
3 main disease prevention
In summer and autumn, cucumbers have more diseases and are more harmful. In addition to the need to adopt cultivation measures for control, they should be sprayed regularly to focus on prevention and control. Use 72% DuPont gram (cream urea·manganese zinc) wettable powder 600-800 times liquid to control downy mildew, 15% powder rust (triazolone) wettable powder 1500 times liquid to prevent powdery mildew, spray every 7 days Take the medicine once, 3 times in a row.
3 Economic Benefits and Analysis
By promoting melon-vegetable rotation cultivation techniques, the annual output value of 667m2 can reach more than 20,000 yuan. Due to the short growth period of watermelon planting, the single-season watermelon only uses about 60% of its fertilization amount in this season. The melon-vegetable (or live) rotation can reduce the fertilizer use by 23.4%, improve fertilizer utilization and reduce soil. Acidification prevents the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and reduces production costs. If the second season cucumber live, you can also save 2 to 3, 667m2 section 340 yuan, 667m2 section increase to 927 yuan, the economic benefits have been greatly improved, which is conducive to the reduction of fertilizers and pesticides.
The watermelon-cucumber rotation model has good benefits, which can reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, improve the safety of agricultural products, and improve land utilization. Farmers with suitable conditions can try this model!
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