Dairy cows are the source of milk supply, and milk is the daily drink of people. So, do you know how much value cows have for people's lives? According to Xiaobian, there are still quite a lot of people raising cows, but many farmers are worried about the summer season. Why? The following small series will analyze and analyze with you.
Dairy cows are dairy breeds of yellow cattle. After high-breeding and breeding, the cows in China are mainly black and white cows. Since 1980, the breed of cattle and sheep breeding base of Shandong Animal Husbandry Bureau has introduced this variety. Wide distribution range, high milk yield, and resistance to rough feeding. Cows are cold and heat resistant. When the temperature is above 27 ° C, or the temperature and humidity index (THI) exceeds 69 ° C, the cows show heat stress. Its specific characteristics are: thermal regulation disorder, physiological dysfunction, hormone balance damage, skin metabolism blocked, physical metabolism disorder, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, rising body temperature, loss of appetite, weight loss, estrus disorder, and decreased conception rate Wait. At the same time, due to the health of dairy cows, the disease resistance is weakened, the calves grow slowly, and the mortality rate rises. Especially in the hot summer, it will lead to the reduction of milk production in lactating cows, which seriously restricts the development of dairy farming.
July and August are the hottest seasons in our country. This time is high temperature and high humidity, which is a serious challenge for both cows and pregnant cattle. What issues should be paid attention to in the feeding of cows in July and August? The Wisdom Agriculture Network summarizes the following points and hopes to help everyone.
1, summer dairy cow breeding should pay attention to heatstroke and cool down
Hot summer sun is hot, cow cowhide is thick and heavy, very unfavorable for cooling, body temperature regulation ability is relatively poor, it is easy to heat stroke. It is best to build a cowshed in the north and south, and to reduce the temperature inside the barn as much as possible, especially for the cows in the lactating cows and the delivery room. Spraying and increasing the fan to physically cool the cows; planting shady trees or setting up a pergola to prevent cows from getting sun and rain; observe the situation of the cows every day and find out the problems in time.
2, keep the cowshed environment health
Always clean the dirt in the barn and keep the environment clean and dry. The cow's body is polluted by feces and sewage, which not only affects the hygiene of the milk, but also affects the normal metabolism of the cow's body, which is not conducive to the dissipation of heat and hinders the health of the cow. Care should be taken to maintain the cleanliness of the cattle and surrounding environment during periods of heat stress. At the same time, 1.0%~1.5% of trichlorfon can be used to spray the barn and the surrounding environment to kill mosquitoes, flies and other pests, so that the cows have a good rest environment and reduce the heat stress of the cows.
3, cows pay attention to drinking water hygiene
The water quality is unstable in summer (more rain in summer and unstable surface water). The heat stress of dairy cows occurs in the hot summer season. Due to the high temperature, the cows consume more water. If the drinking water is insufficient, the appetite will be reduced, the digestion will be slowed down, the milk production of the cow will be affected, and the mucous membrane in the cow will be dried and the cow's ability to resist disease will be reduced. The daily drinking water of dairy cows is supplied 3 to 5 times of the daily milk production. During the heat stress period, some water supply should be increased accordingly, and some salt should be added in the drinking water. Before feeding or milking, brush the body with cold water to lower the body temperature and increase the feed intake and milk production of the cow. 4, feed feeding
Cow is a herbivore, mainly based on roughage. Because of the high content of crude fiber in the feed, and the large feed intake, the heat consumption is also large, which increases the heat load; the feed fermentation in the rumen not only produces methane but also heat; synthesis The increased calorie production of milk is greater. A cow with 20kg of lactation per day is 50% more calorie than a dry cow. The higher the milk yield, the more heat is produced. As the individual production performance increases, the feed intake and milk synthesis will increase, which will lead to an increase in heat production. This is why high-yield cattle in summer are more sensitive to heat stress and the milk production declines faster. Must pay attention to the procurement and storage of forage feed, carefully check the freshness of corn, soybean meal, cotton aphid, bran, etc., if it is found that there is feed mold, do not feed the cows, and at the same time give the cows nutrition during the feeding process.
Supplemental potassium chloride
Generally, potassium chloride can be added to the cow's drinking water or in the diet, and the amount added is 60 to 80 grams per cow per day.
Vitamin supplement
In summer, it is generally possible to add 0.04% to 0.06% of vitamin C to the cow's feed. Vitamin C can inhibit the body temperature of the cow, increase appetite and improve disease resistance. At the same time, a normal amount of vitamin E can be added to the feed by 3 to 5 times to reduce the risk of heat stress in the cow. Vitamin E prevents the oxidation and destruction of fat in dairy cows, prevents the formation of oxides in the body, prevents other vitamins from being oxidized, and promotes the absorption of vitamin A and vitamin D in the intestines.
Supplemental sodium bicarbonate
The amount of sodium bicarbonate is generally 3.84% of the concentrate or 340 grams per cow per day. It is better to use it simultaneously with citric acid, but be careful to reduce the amount of salt when using sodium bicarbonate.
Supplementation of forage powder
The straw pulverizer is pulverized by a hammer mill to a length of about 2 cm. If the sieve bottom is too fine, it should be replaced with a large mesh sieve with a pore size of 1 to 2 cm. The grass powder is mixed with warm water at 30 ° C ~ 40 ° C, hand kneaded into a mass, the hands are loosely opened, and then piled into a 40 cm thick square pile, the upper cover sack piece is fermented, the temperature inside the pile reaches 40 ° C ~ 50 ° C, smells Qu Xiang can be fed. Fermented grass powder should be diluted to prevent temperature from decaying and deteriorating. Yaks cannot feed grass powder. Each 100 kg of fermented grass powder plus 1 kg of salt, 0.5 kg of bone powder, 30 kg of corn flour or bran, bean dregs and other nutrient grass powder can be increased.
In addition, the appetite of the cows in the summer is not good, and the feeding time should be adjusted appropriately. In the morning and at night, the ambient temperature is relatively cool. At this time, the cows are fed, and the cows have better appetite and can eat more food. It is also possible to increase the feeding frequency appropriately, maintain the supply of fresh green feed, melons, water plants and other succulent feeds, or mix some concentrates into porridge to improve the palatability of cows, increase feed intake, and facilitate heat. Dairy cows emit heat and supplement water during stress periods.
People in the hot summer are very uncomfortable, not to mention the heat-resistant cows. In order to avoid losses, the farmers are still learning the summer dairy farming skills.
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