Honey is a nutrient-rich natural nourishing food that contains a variety of inorganic salts, vitamins, and trace elements that are beneficial to human health. Royal jelly is an advanced nutrient. In addition to providing honey, royal jelly, bee venom and beeswax, bees are the most ideal pollinators for various crops, which can increase the yield and efficiency of crops. This issue introduces a group of bee breeding techniques for farmers' reference.
Reproduction management
Artificial breeding
Select 5 groups or more of bee colonies and divide the bees into Yuwang District and Breeding District with a septum of kings. The queen bees remain in the breeding area. The king of the region will place the powdered spleen and larval spleen. The Yuwang District will occupy the original nest spleen. 2/3, or temporarily raise the King of Yu Wang Qun, and then return it after Wangtai is accepted. Using the inner diameter of 200-250 mm and the height of 200-220 mm, a narrow king box is built. On the king's box, an artificial king table with a diameter of 8 mm and a depth of 11 mm is installed. The distance between the table and the table is 9-10 mm. Each box is moved in. 15 to 20 larvae within 24 hours, immediately after the removal of insects into the Yuwang District; the next day to raise the king of the box, remove the larvae within the pedestal, and then moved from the maternal larvae for 18 to 24 hours, bred into a queen bee.
Group organization
Choose breeds that have no kinship with the mother group or imported from outside, cultivate the drone 20 days before the artificial breeding of the king, and raise the cover spleen of the 1 to 2 boxes of honey powder from the strong group 10 days after the breeding of the king. Into a high-quality Wangtai (not to be squeezed, inverted) to form a mating group. After the queen's mating is lost, it is put into a mature Wangtai. If it is lost twice, the tail group should be merged.
Beat the bee tight
During the spring period, put every two beehives side by side, in the windless evening, give each group of bees with sugar water (water to sugar ratio of 1:1) or add 250 to 300 milliliters of honey. After 2 hours, when the bees are excited and agglomerated, and the temperature in the box rises, the bees can be shaken. Select one spleen in the hive to promote rapid spawning.
Sealing insulation
Place the spleen after tightening the spleen on the center of the beehive, place a partition on the side of the spleen next to the adjacent box, place a partition on the other side, and put the insulation on the outside of the plate. At low temperatures, cover all beehives with plastic cloth, but do not block the nest door. In the evening, depending on the temperature, the nest door can be closed.
Assisted feeding
After the spleen is tightened, assisted feeding is performed every night from the bottom of the box. Put sugar water or honey water into the bottom feeder. Each group can feed 350 to 400 ml for the first time. After that, depending on the number of bees and the size of the spawning ring, it is advisable to have a small amount of honey on the spleen.
Add powder spleen. In the early spring, there is less natural pollen, and when most bees begin to lay eggs, the artificial pollen spleen is added (if there is a natural pollen spleen). The first spleen should be a room with voids on one side and a pollen room on the other. A group with a large number of bees will have a pink side facing inwards; a group with an average number of bees will face the nest room inwards. When the queen bee spawns in the empty nest of artificial pollen, the first powdered spleen is eaten by 1/2, that is, a second one is added next to the first one, and so on.
Artificial bees rearing
A box seal cover spleen, a box of powder spleen, and a box of larva spleen were placed on the side of the partition board from the original group, and the mature nest was placed on the side of the nest door. After the success of the new queen bee, a new group was formed. The group is kept in the same box and it is advisable to have the mother and the female both in the same box or in the same box with the sister. If the worker bees are in a group, they should adjust the group potential and change the direction of the nest. Timely Gaki spleen, expand the hive, and use the new spleen for the old spleen, when the group potential to develop into five nest spleen, should be changed to a single box feeding. When the flow of honey or the temperature above 25 °C, should be changed to a single box.
Developmental Management
A bee colony usually includes a queen bee, tens of thousands of worker bees and thousands of drones during the egg period. The queen bee is the only spawning (fertilized egg, unfertilized egg) bee. The bee queen chooses different eggs of different nesting properties, and produces fertilized eggs in common hexagonal nesting rooms and pedestals. Fertilized eggs can be developed into worker bees or queen bees in the future; Hexagonal nests do not have fertilized eggs. Unfertilized eggs can only develop into drones in the future.
The bees' eggs are milky white, slightly transparent and like bananas. The slightly thicker end is the head, and the slender end is the end of the abdomen. The egg is accompanied by mucus, which is glued to the center of the bottom of the room with a thin end, with the thick end facing the mouth of the room. The egg period of the three types of bees is three days and they do not eat any feed.
After 3 days of unsealed larvae, the eggs hatched as larvae and the newly hatched larvae sucked the royal jelly. During this period, the queen bee was 5 days, the worker bee was 6 days, and the drone was 7 days. The first three days of bee larvae all eat royal jelly. Three days later, the situation changed. Bee larvae continued to eat nutrient-rich royal jelly until the larvae were removed. Workers and drone larvae changed to eat bee rations: a food that was directly blended with honey and pollen. .
The larvae are not full, the body is "C", initially lying on the floor of the room, the head before the catamaran upturned, is facing the mouth of the house.
Each larva is fed on average 1300 times a day, almost every minute. Therefore, the opening inspection time should not be too long, so as not to affect the larval feeding. Later, the worker bees sealed the larvae's house mouth with a layer of wax, called the lid, and then the larvae shed their skin, spit silk, make lice, and eliminate phlegm in the sealed room.
The capping larvae phlegm after 5 times of licking in the cap room, so the capping period includes the larvae and the whole pupa period, collectively referred to as the cap period. During this period, queen bees were 8 days, worker bees were 12 days, and drones were 14 days. The bee stings in the cap room and bites through the house lid and climbs out of the nest room. It is called a house and begins the life of an adult, bees.
Feed Management
It takes more than 100 grams of pollen to feed 1,000 bees. Only honey does not have pollen. Bees rely on the body's protein can not continue to secrete royal jelly fed larvae, and began to feed pollen and sugar 15 to 20 days before flowering of the original powder source plant. The cake stimulates bee spawning and beekeeping. The dried pollen is placed in a container and soaked in cold boiled water or honey water, then left for 6 to 12 hours, and then placed in an empty nest to make a powdered spleen. When the bee is more than the spleen, the powdered side faces inward; when the bee is less than the spleen, the empty nesting room faces inward.
1 part of yeast powder, 2 parts of soybean powder, 50% syrup, 1 kilogram of glucose, 2 parts of sweet potato powder, 50% syrup, knead into pie and placed in the beehive for bees to feed; for nutrition , cultivate healthy bees, can be heated to 60 °C milk, into the same amount of sugar or honey feeding the bees, or an egg broken and stir, add 300 grams of sugar or honey, each spleen each feed 100 grams Left and right; can also be made into pollen sugar cakes in proportions of 3 parts of pollen and 1 part of concentrated sugar syrup. Each group feeds 200-400 grams each time. Spread the pollen sugar cake on the frame beam and cover it with a piece of wax paper or plastic film. Feed it once every 5 to 7 days and feed it to the outside world. After the bee colony is adjusted, each group of bees should store 2 to 3 kilograms of honey.
Disease prevention and control
The radical cure of bee larvae disease is to destroy the spleen, larvae and box of infected pathogens, and then cure with the use of medication. It is advisable to move the sick group to a place 3 km away for isolation and treatment. Place the disinfecting beehive in the patient's position. Put a few empty spleen inside the box. Shake the sick bee in the box, make the bee more than the spleen and find the queen to kill. , lured a new queen bee. Beehive accessories such as kingboards, sub-covers, partitions, etc. will be replaced and disinfected. At the same time feed enough feed, with medication. Cross-feed with 2 to 3 drugs and let them for at least 1 week. If the spleen is not successful for the first time, "splendor" and rotting larvae still appear, and the second time the spleen will be destroyed.
For every 1000 grams of 1:1 sugar water, add oxytetracycline and tetracycline 400,000 units, according to the group strength, feeding 100-200 grams per group; each 800,000 units of penicillin, each 1 million units of streptomycin Each of the 300,000 erythromycin units was added to 1,000 grams of 1:1 sugar water, and each group was fed 200 to 300 grams of water once a day.
The paratyphoid bee paratyphoid bee usually occurs in the late winter and early spring, causing the adult bee to die due to illness and diarrhea.
Treatment with sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol has the best therapeutic effect. Each kg of concentrated syrup (1:1) plus 1 to 2 grams of compound sulfamethoxazole and 2 grams of chloramphenicol, mixed and fed the bee, each box bee once fed 50 to 100 grams, fed once every 3 to 4 days, For 3 to 4 days.
Bee beetle disease In the process of bee growth, aphids are very harmful to honeybees and cause a large number of bee deaths.
The first treatment is to use the enemy smoked smoke smoke agent to kill. Select the evening bees back to the nest, the standard box 1 time with 3 to 4 grams, smoke a cigarette at the bottom of the first shop a piece of paper, closed the nest door, smoke for 15 to 20 minutes, open the nest door, remove the residual ash, the next day In the early morning, the pad was pulled out and the bees on the paper were collected and burned. According to the degree of bee parasitism, each group can be continuously smoked 3 to 4 times and smoked once every 3 days. The second is to kill with insecticide. On a windless morning or evening, use a mini sprayer to spray a 1:150 insecticidal solution, or use a 25% insecticidal solution to spray 3000 times the water. The alternating effect of the two methods is better.
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