First, the symptoms:
Corn smut is a systemic disease infested at the seedling stage, and typical symptoms usually appear in the ear stage. Most of the diseased ears of tassels still retain the original panicle shape, some florets are damaged, the flower buds are deformed, the glumes grow in a leaf shape, the stamens cannot be formed, the base of the florets expands to form bacillary dysentery, the white film is outsourced, and black powder is scattered after rupture (winter The entire inflorescence of the spores is severely damaged and becomes black spikes. The diseased ear is thicker and shorter, the base is swollen, and the filament is not drawn. The tongue of the eucalyptus leaves is long and hypertrophic. Most of the ears except the eucalyptus leaves are destroyed into bacillary dysentery. When mature, the lobes are cracked and black powder is scattered.
Second, the cause:
There is no re-infection of corn smut, and the degree of disease depends on the resistance of the variety, the number of bacterial sources and environmental conditions.
1. Variety resistance: There is a large difference in resistance between varieties (but no immune variety).
2. Number of bacterial sources: The incidence of continuous cropping is heavy, and the amount of bacteria in the continuous cropping soil will increase rapidly.
3. Environmental conditions: The temperature and humidity conditions of the soil during sowing to emergence are closely related to the incidence. The suitable temperature for germinal invasion is about 25 °C, and the soil moisture content is 20%.
Third, prevention and control technology:
1. Actively select and promote disease-resistant varieties. Different maize varieties have obvious differences in resistance to smut. Breeding and popularizing resistant varieties are the most fundamental and effective measures to control smut.
2. Universal rotation is generally implemented. The practice of more than three years of rotation is an effective way to reduce corn smut. Especially in places where corn smut is serious, a variety of potatoes, beans and peanuts, melons and other crops are needed, and efforts are made to avoid repeated planting for many years. It is really unreasonable, and it is necessary to rotate and plant disease-resistant varieties.
3. Standardize the purchase channels. It is necessary to purchase seeds from units with seed business licenses, and vigorously promote the use of coated seeds or seed dressings. For uncoated seeds, seed dressing should be carried out before planting, using Likexiu, rust powder, carbendazim, and The thiophanate and other agents are uniformly mixed with the seeds, and the seeds are simmered for 4 hours and dried for use. In dry years and dry slopes, it is recommended to use the quick-saling agent to mix seeds, and to force the "white son" to plant.
4. Combine field management to eradicate or remove diseased plants early. Severely diseased plants can show symptoms before the corn is squirmed, such as dwarfing, clumping, and multi-tillering. The most notable features are internode shortening, dwarfing of plants, dark green leaves, and increased leaves. Thick, the top is bent to one side. According to the above symptoms, weeding can be combined with weeding and early eradication of diseased plants. After the corn is squirmed, the black powder on the diseased ear has not been scattered before, and it should be cut off in time and brought out to the field for deep burial. At the same time, the diseased plant is cut down and placed in the field. Do not use the diseased plant ear to make feed, and do not use it to accumulate fertilizer.
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