Carrot can provide rich vitamins A, B, C and β-carotene, etc., with eyesight, liver, anti-aging effect. With the continuous improvement of the people's living standards, carrots as a health vegetable, its sales are increasing, not only requires good quality, good appearance, but also demand for annual supply. Agricultural technicians and experienced vegetable farmers all over the country found the best season for growing carrots in the local area according to the local climatic conditions and market demand, and realized the annual supply of carrots throughout the country. However, in actual production, many areas still have problems such as disordered varieties, improper selection, and extensive management, which seriously affect the commercial and economic benefits. The China Agricultural Network now summarizes the technical points of carrots for off-season planting as follows for reference by producers.
1 Fertility characteristics of carrots
Carrot is a semi-cold-root vegetable, and its temperature requirements for vegetative growth and reproductive growth are different. Seeds can germinate at 4 to 6 °C, start to grow at 8 °C, and emerge at 18 to 20 °C for about 10 days. Seedlings can tolerate low temperatures of -3 to -4°C for short periods of time, and can also grow normally at high temperatures above 27°C. The optimum temperature for carrot germination is 20-25 °C. The suitable temperature for leaf growth is 20-25 °C during the day and 15-18 °C during the night. The root swelling period is suitable for 20 ~ 22 °C, and the plants below 3 °C are stopped. Grow. To make it grow well, you must find or create the environment that is most suitable for its growth.
2 carrots off-season cultivation techniques
2.1 Choose the right variety
The carrots in the off-season carrots are sown in spring. The choice of varieties is very strict. We must choose hybrids that are strong in winter, resistant to bolting, have a short growing period, have strong resistance to diseases and produce high yields. Processing of export bases also requires a high rate of three reds, good rooting, neat roots, and high yields. Once the varieties are selected wrongly, it is easy to cause convulsions, short-term roots, and poor commercial quality, which seriously affect economic efficiency. There are many varieties of carrots that are circulated on the market, but there are not many varieties that are truly suitable for anti-season planting needs and market demand. Through the trial planting and promotion of these years, Rekende and Hanshin 100 introduced by Shanghai Puwei Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. are varieties that meet the needs of planting and markets.
Different soil conditions, different planting patterns, and selected varieties should also be different. In general, protective land and soil conditions, good soil fertility using small leaves (small pods), early varieties, such as Rekende, this species is a small glutinous varieties, strong ability to twitch resistance, root length 22 cm About the rate of three reds is basically 100%, and the growth period is 95 to 100 days. Plants with open field planting, soil mass, and fertility are generally selected from large-sized and vigorously growing varieties to facilitate the roots to lower the level, such as Hanshin 100, the growth period is 110 d, the growth is more prosperous, the leaves are larger, and the root length is 23～ 25 cm, the ability of roots to lay down strong, in the case of soil conditions can still be normal growth, have a higher yield.
2.2 Selecting appropriate broadcast dates
Since carrots are semi-cold-resistant vegetables and prefer a warm climate, too high temperatures are detrimental to their growth. Therefore, it is necessary to choose regions where temperature rises slowly or where the temperature is not high year-round for growing anti-season carrots. Therefore, northern Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shandong Peninsula, South China winter and high-altitude Northwest China constitute the main cultivation area of ​​counter-season carrots. In these areas, generally 10 cm above ground temperature can be stable above 10 °C to sow, sowing too early can cause seizures, and too late sowing due to the late arrival of the market, the later high temperature will reduce the commodity of carrots.
2.3 High Ridge Planting
The edible part of carrots is mainly fleshy roots and grows in the soil for a long period of time. Therefore, the soil temperature, air permeability, and moisture content directly affect the quality and yield of fleshy roots. Starting from a high ridge planting can ensure that the soil in the roots of carrots has good air permeability, warming and cooling, and a good temperature difference between day and night. General requirements from 20 cm high ridge, a ridge type 2 to 4 lines. The spacing is 20 cm, the spacing is 10 cm, the seedlings are 2 times, the sowing amount of 667 m2 is 150-200 g, and the seedling is 20 000- 25 000.
24 Adjusting Water and Fertilizer
Carrots can be fertilized twice in the whole growth period. One is basal fertilizer, generally 667 m2 of 3 to 5 m3 of decomposed organic fertilizer plus 50 kg of nitrophosphate as the base fertilizer; the second is top-dressing, followed by 40 kg of nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium at the root expansion of the flesh for 15:15:15 or 17: 17: 17 compound fertilizer can be. The amount of water needed during the growth of carrots is not large and should not be watered too much. The water should be properly controlled to promote the development of main root elongation and fibrous roots. Into the period of vigorous growth of plants, to properly control the water, cultivating seedlings, to prevent the leaves of the Department of leggy, watering about 20 days 1; fleshy root enlargement needs adequate timely watering, usually about 15d watered once. Stop or reduce the amount of watering 80 to 90 days after sowing to ensure that carrots have good commercial properties. If you water too much, it will cause the surface of the fleshy roots to be not smooth, too many hairy roots, and poor commercial quality.
2.5 timely harvest
In contrast to the normal season, carrots are not cultivated in the normal season. With the enlargement and shaping of the fleshy roots, the outside temperature keeps rising. Therefore, after the fleshy roots are formed, they must be harvested in time. If the delay time is too long, there will be phenomena such as jealousy and hair roots, which will affect the commercial nature and cause economic losses.
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