Recently, Chen Jiansan, a researcher at the Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, disclosed to the reporter: A method of breeding for fixed heterosis using the fixed heterosis breeding technique of rice asexual apomictic hybrid heterosis, recently successfully developed Guyou No. 3 and health rice in Sanya City. On the 1st, it showed high quality, high yield, and strong disease resistance. According to Chen Jiansan, apomixis is a special reproductive phenomenon. It differs from sexual reproduction in that it does not go through meiosis and fertilization. The offspring's genotype and mother are the same. If the female parent is a hybrid, then Offspring is always a hybrid, eliminating the need for seed production. Therefore, apomictic breeding technology is the use of fixed heterosis. Apomixis hybrid rice varieties are cheap and can increase rice yield by 10% to 15%, saving time, manpower and material resources by more than 2/3. It is a new rapid breeding method. The japonica rice Zhongxin No.1, Japonica hybrid rice No.1 and hybrid rice No.2 that have been selected have passed the certification of the Beijing and Hainan Provincial Variety Committees before 1999, and the area has been expanded to 1 million mu in the North and Hainan. The characteristics of good quality, high yield and good resistance are deeply loved by farmers. Chen Jiansan stated that the japonica 84-15 was discovered in 1984 from over 30 species of wild rice. It is a group with the same agronomic traits in hybrid F3 generation after the hybrid of West Africa Long Yao wild rice and cultivated rice 80-6195. The number of apical chromosomes of its apical chromosomes is three, the number of chromosomes associated with apical chromosomes of long-drug wild rice is four, and the number of apical chromosomes of indica rice 80-6195 is two, which proves that japonica 84-15 is a wild plant. Hybrids. The chromosome number of endosperm cells in indica rice cultivar 84-15 was 2n=24, demonstrating that the two polar nuclei did not fuse with a sperm nucleus. It is apomictic endosperm, and the chromosome number of indica rice 80-6195 endosperm cells is 3n=36, which proves that two polar nuclei are merged with one sperm nucleus, that is, three fusions, and are sexual reproductive endosperm. In 1991, the tissue culture expert of the Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiang Yanru, used tissue culture methods to study the root tip chromosome number of rice seedlings differentiated by Indica rice cultivar 84-15 with 2n=24, which further proved that the Japonica rice noodle 84-15 was endoplasmic reticulum-free. Reproductive endosperm. Indica rice embryos of 84-15 originate from adventitious embryos (nuclear nucleus), so apomixis is asexual seed reproduction. According to Chen Jiansan, recently, he has also selected and produced the Guyou 3, which has a total fertility period of 125 days and a yield of 700 kilograms per mu. The health rice No. 1 has a full-grown period of 120 to 125 days and has high-quality aromas, yielding 600 kilograms per mu. Both species are resistant to fine strip disease and have extensive promotion value. In 2004, the industrialization evaluation of the Shenzhen High-tech Expert Committee was adopted and the prospects are broad.
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