I. Concept and connotation of green livestock and poultry products Green livestock and poultry products are produced according to specific production methods, certified by a special organization (such as the China Green Food Development Center), and licensed to use green food labels as pollution-free, non-polluting, and non-residue. No disease, no harm to human health, quality, safety and quality of livestock and poultry products. Green livestock and poultry products should have the following conditions: livestock and poultry products must meet the green food environment quality standards; livestock and poultry must comply with green food production operating procedures; livestock and poultry products must meet the green food quality and health standards; livestock and poultry products processing, Packaging, storage and transportation must meet the green food packaging and transportation standards. Its guiding ideology is to pursue the best combination of output, quality, efficiency, and environment, and to allow reasonable chemical input without sacrificing resources and the environment and harming the interests of future generations. Its characteristics are "safety and quality" dual quality assurance, "environment and economy" double benefits. Emphasizes that "products come from the best ecological environment" and "quality control from the land to the table", where each process is an indispensable chain of industrial production, and only a complete industrial chain can ensure the quality of products. . II. Technical Measures for the Production of Green Livestock and Poultry Products (I) Selection of a good ecological environment The environmental quality of a producing area has a direct impact on the production of green livestock and poultry. The pollution factors at the production site have an effect of “product enrichment†by affecting the raw materials. The environmental quality inspection of producing areas is a comprehensive assessment of the atmosphere, water quality and soil pollution level of the producing areas. The construction area should be in a good ecological environment where the air is fresh, the water quality is pure, and the soil is not contaminated. Specifically, the atmosphere, water quality, and the harmful substances in the soil where the livestock and poultry farm are located should be lower than the national allowable amount. standard. Therefore, the selection of livestock and poultry production areas that meet the standards for the quality of the ecological environment shall be expressed in terms of the comprehensive pollution index. The three comprehensive pollution indexes of the production areas of green livestock and poultry products shall not be greater than one. At the same time, good natural resources and socialized service systems must also be provided. (2) Guarantee the quality of feed raw materials 1. Guarantee the quality of forage feed The forage feed is the material basis for the development of animal husbandry. Therefore, we must prioritize the establishment of a base for green forage and feed, and we must develop a forage and feed base while protecting and utilizing the existing grasslands. It is necessary to select suitable forage species for livestock and poultry, ensure adequate supply of forage grass, strengthen the management of forage and feed raw material bases, and apply fertilizer greening, irrigation, pest control, and storage to meet the eco-environmental standards for green foods. The land is concentrically and continuously planted, and the field management is unified. The use of biological pest control technology ensures long-term and stable supply of high-quality forage and feed materials and ensures the quality of raw materials. In addition to reaching sensory standards and conventional inspection standards, the feed ingredients within the feed must be controlled within the allowable range, including pesticides and toxic elements such as lead, mercury, antimony, molybdenum, and fluorine, as well as residuals including industrial “three wastes†pollution. . Excluding state-prohibited additives, such as hypnone, estrogen, and lean meat, provide guarantees for the finished green feed. 2. Ensure the processing and utilization of forage feeds The development and production of green livestock and poultry compound feeds are prerequisites for the production of green livestock and poultry. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally use forage in the production, scientifically modulate silage and hay, and formulate green livestock and poultry feed. Green livestock and poultry feed is pure natural, non-polluting, non-toxic, and no side effects feed. Therefore, according to different livestock and poultry species and different stages of production, scientific and rational preparation of livestock and poultry feed. Improve the quality of raw materials, use high-quality feed ingredients, select and optimize feed formulations, ensure nutritional needs, apply ideal proteins, and add the necessary limiting amino groups. Extruded raw materials, improved digestion and utilization, and precision processing. Produce high quality pellet feed. Wide selection of bioactive substances that promote growth and increase survival without toxic side effects, producing core stock additives. Application of a variety of enzyme preparations to increase the utilization of feed, but also reduce the excretion of pollution; to improve the whole feed and meat ratio, to overcome the lack of hormone growth promoters, sedative hypnotics, antibiotic additives and certain high concentrations of heavy metals Green production is reduced, so that feeding green feed is close to feeding ordinary feed. For example, feed for pigs can be formulated in the following proportions: green corn, 60%-65%; green bean cake, 15%-20%; green expanded rice bran, 4%-6%; green wheat bran, 4%-6%; hydrogen phosphate Calcium, 1.2%; stone meal, 1.2%; table salt, 0.5%; choline chloride, 0.07%; core feed additive, 1%-3%, of which 97.3% is green ingredient. The green core ingredients are glycosides, Chinese herbal medicine additives, vitamin additives, trace element additives, limiting amino acids and enzyme preparations. We must strictly implement the state regulations on the management of feed and veterinary drugs and strictly prohibit the use of all drugs that are prohibited by the state and prohibited by international health organizations in feeds. We can follow the principle of effective, limited, and cost-reducing, and use scientific and rational use to choose green and pollution-free. Feed additives. For example, betaine and methionine partially replace inorganic substances; amino acid chelates replace major minerals; and synergistic effects of probiotics and oligomeric oligosaccharides replace antibiotics. The use of feed enzymes in livestock and poultry raising can not only improve the digestibility and utilization of feed, increase the production performance of livestock and poultry, but also reduce the excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus in livestock and poultry excreta and protect the water and soil. Contaminated, so feed enzyme preparations as a class of high-efficiency, non-toxic side effects and environmentally friendly green feed additives, will have a very broad application prospects in the 21st century. When green feed has formed a commercial series feed, with the help of technical personnel, it is necessary to correctly select the green feed variety and directly purchase the compound feed that has obtained the green food certificate, and select different types of green feed for different livestock species. Accelerate the production of green livestock and poultry. (3) To ensure the water quality of livestock and poultry In addition to guaranteeing the quality of water, the drinking water of livestock and poultry must be regularly tested, mainly controlling heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, fluorine, chromium, and pathogenic microorganisms, so as to ensure the water use of livestock and poultry. The safety and quality of the promotion of nipple drinker drinking water for livestock. (IV) Strengthening the Management of Livestock and Poultry The management of livestock and poultry is an important link in the production of green livestock and poultry. Therefore, the following major measures must be taken to improve the quality of livestock and poultry products. 1. Choose good livestock and poultry breeds. In order to ensure the quality of livestock and poultry products, it is necessary to select excellent breeds of livestock and poultry, breed hybrid livestock, continue to improve the quality of livestock meat, and promote the use of advanced technologies and artificial insemination techniques to improve breeding of livestock and poultry to meet the safety of green foods. And quality requirements. 2, adhere to self-cultivation, as far as possible to avoid the introduction of immune disease, to take all the way into the feeding mode. 3. Feeding of green livestock and poultry is based on the correct use of green feeds as the core technology. It adopts a limited number of feed intake methods and feeds 3 to 4 times a day depending on the specific circumstances to prevent livestock and poultry from overfeeding and causing diarrhea. Give enough water to livestock and poultry every day. The green feed must be preserved against moisture, mildew, rodents, and pollution. 4, using the stage feeding method, master the different stages of feeding and management techniques. For each type of feed, there are livestock, medium and large stocks, and feeds at different stages should be changed in time according to the changes in the age of the livestock. 5. Environmental control technology centered on the harmless treatment of manure. Farmers must clean up their sanitation every day. Each household must build a storage septage that is suitable for feeding-scale impervious. After every kilogram of manure and urine is disinfected with about 2g-5g of bleaching powder, it is stored in the ground until it is decomposed and sent to the field. (5) Epidemic diseases of livestock and poultry Epidemic prevention and control of livestock and poultry is a key link for raising green livestock and poultry. Therefore, comprehensive measures must be taken to ensure the health and safety of livestock and poultry. 1. We must face up to the existing livestock diseases, understand the local law of disease occurrence, and establish a perfect disease prevention and control system. The epidemic prevention system consists of farmers, contracted veterinarians, veterinary technicians from the Ministry of Industry and Technology, veterinarians at township and animal husbandry stations, and county prevention and quarantine departments. 2. Implement comprehensive anti-epidemic measures, adhere to prevention, and do a good job of sanitation, regular disinfection and vaccine immunity. The core of comprehensive epidemic prevention measures is vaccine immunization, establishment of a vaccine immunization system and immunization immunization program suitable for the region, and careful implementation. Never miss a household or animal in production and regularly monitor antibody changes in several diseases to predict the occurrence of certain diseases and guide the use of vaccines. 3. Regularly carry out disinfection of home and outdoor environments and utensils. Choose a highly effective and low-toxic disinfectant, disinfect the environment of the housing once a week, and disinfect the equipment twice. Care must be taken to thoroughly disinfect the farrowing maternal and delivery rooms. 4. For the affected herds, first implement the green treatment program, the first choice of green food production materials of veterinary drugs and proprietary Chinese medicines, followed by careful antibiotic treatment. If the effect of green treatment is not good, in order to protect the interests of farmers, it can be changed to ordinary treatment, but the livestock and poultry that are slaughtered after rehabilitation can only be treated as ordinary livestock and poultry. (6) Ensure that the livestock and poultry slaughtermen must ensure that slaughter, processing, quarantine and inspection of livestock and poultry must meet the quality and hygiene standards of green food. Mainly reflected in: 1, pre-slaughter quarantine, strict removal of diseased livestock and poultry. 2. Regular inspections of livestock and poultry products for drug residues, heavy metals, and pathogenic microorganisms are conducted and safety indicators are tested. 3. Separate production lines should be used as much as possible. For those that do not have the conditions for the time being, batch slaughtering must be used to ensure that no cross-infection occurs. 4, according to market requirements for strict classification, cleaning, disinfection, packaging, to prevent post-mortem contamination. 5. Strictly quarantine and test post-mortem livestock and poultry products, eliminate the listing of poisonous and harmful livestock and poultry products, carry out trademark registration, and sale of signs, and protect the common interests of producers and consumers. 6. Implement the sign management on green livestock and poultry products according to law. The packaging of green livestock and poultry products must comply with the general standards for national food labels and comply with the specific packaging, decoration and labeling requirements for green foods. The outer packaging should be cartons, separated by boxes, and packed in degradable foam plastic boxes and bags. (7) To ensure the safety of product storage and transportation and sales, it is necessary to ensure that the sales and transportation links of livestock and poultry products must also meet the hygiene standards for green food. Mainly should pay attention to the following aspects: 1, during the storage of animal products, should adopt mechanical and physical methods such as cold wind storage, cellar and other methods of storage; or use non-toxic natural products. 2, firmly install and control the temperature and humidity during transport, do a good job of low temperature preservation and other measures to strengthen health control, use of disinfectant preservatives, avoid the use of toxic chemicals, preservatives, pesticides, preservatives, etc., to prevent During the transportation process, livestock and poultry products are degenerated, contaminated and mixed with each other. It is advisable to carry out radiation treatment on conditional conditions so as to minimize the use of chemical substances in the fresh-keeping and anti-corrosion process and achieve safe storage and transportation. 3. Do a good job in the environmental sanitation of the sale of green livestock and poultry products and provide necessary sanitation facilities. Such as fly control facilities, UV disinfection lamps and refrigeration equipment. 4, do a good job in the health management and control of processing equipment, such as the use of stainless steel processing platform, processing tools to clean and disinfect. China Agricultural Network Editor
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