In actual production, many fruit growers tend to loosen the management of grapes after fruit harvesting, resulting in poor maturation of the original shoots in the year and suppression of the rooting of autumn hair, affecting the yield and quality of grapes in the following year. Therefore, strengthening the management of the grapes in later years will ensure high quality and yield in the coming year. Stable production is very important.
First, protect autumn leaves. Protecting the leaves after harvesting and enhancing the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves play an important role in increasing the storage nutrients of the tree. In the late stage of growth, pesticides used for the withdrawal of bacteriocin and sulfur are strictly controlled to prevent premature leaf aging and reduce photosynthetic intensity. Under normal circumstances, in addition to the giant peaks, the fruit should be used as little as possible after harvesting, or it should not be used on old leaves.
Second, pruning and clearing the garden. On the basis of doing the summer cut work, continue to do a good heart to fork, remove the tendrils and thin branches, remove the severe disease leaves, in order to reduce nutrient consumption, regulate the nutrient flow of the tree, and promote the full maturity of bud eyes. The weeds in the garden will be cleared and the diseased shoots, diseased leaves, diseased fruits, dead branches and debris will be cut off and brought out of the park, buried deep or burned to reduce the sources of diseases and insects.
Third, post-production fertilizer is applied. After the fruit is harvested, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied under the condition of multiple results and weak tree vigor, so as to enhance the photosynthesis of the later leaves and restore the tree vigor. Apply about 12 kilograms of available nitrogen fertilizer per acre, and also spray 0.3% urea solution on the surface of the leaves, spraying 2 or 3 times. If the tree vigor is strong, use it sparingly to prevent new shoots from stretching out and consume large amounts of nutrients. Apply base fertilizer as soon as possible after harvesting.
Fourth, early basal fertilizer. The time for applying basal fertilization is the most suitable for the defoliation of grapes before and after the late October mid-September. Basal fertilizer is dominated by organic fertilizers with phosphate fertilizers. Mushi organic fertilizers (farmers' manure) range from 3,000 to 5,000 kilograms and phosphate fertilizers to 50 kilograms. Since this is the time when the peak of root growth occurs, the wound is easily healed. Combined with the fertilization, the scotch can cut off the fine roots and play a role in root pruning. It can promote many new roots in the year, and can absorb large amounts of nutrients in the soil in early spring. substance. In the autumn, the ground has gradually stopped growing, and the underground growth is still strong. The nutrients absorbed mainly accumulate and store, which can increase the nutrient storage level of the tree. It is conducive to flower bud differentiation and enhancement of overwintering ability in the year, which is conducive to budding in the coming year and further development of flower buds. With the early growth of shoots after flowering. Due to the high nutrient level of the tree and the good quality of flower buds, the fruit setting rate can be increased to lay the foundation for high yields in the coming year.
V. Loose soil against drought. The orchards in summer and autumn are easy to overgrown with weeds, and they must be cultivated and weeded in time. At the same time, deeper turns are needed. Deep plowing should be conducted between September and October, when the roots that have been severed can heal quickly. This time soil cultivation is often carried out in combination with the base fertilizer. Generally, the depth of cultivation is about 20 cm, and it is shallower near the trunk and deeper outward. It can also be achieved by opening fertilization ditch. When there is a lot of rain, it is necessary to drain the gutter in time. In case of drought or winter drought, it should be timely irrigated to keep the field holding water no less than 60% so as to make the soil moist.
Six, prevention and control of pests and diseases. The main diseases of grapes are downy mildew, black pox, and rust. The onset of downy mildew is from August to September, especially in the rainy year. After the grapes are harvested, they must continue to focus on the prevention and treatment of diseases. 200 times of half Bordeaux mixture and 50% of Ketoex WP 500 can be used. The liquid is sprayed alternately with 65% Zeoxin Zinc WP 500 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times, and sprayed every 10-15 days. If there is a lesion, use Reuterobi wet WP 700 times or 250% anti-mildant spirit, or spray with 50% Tuzet, 75% chlorothalonil 500 to 800 times.
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