At present, there are many selenium-enriched foods in China, which are beginning to appear in people's eyes. The development of selenium-enriched agricultural products is getting more and more attention. The production of selenium-enriched corn is an effective way to increase the selenium content in food and increase farmers' income. The high-yield cultivation techniques for selenium-enriched corn are summarized below for reference.
1 Selection of high-yield varieties
Selenium-enriched corn cultivation According to the actual situation, select suitable varieties, and choose varieties that are resistant to disease, high yield, high in crude starch content and good in selenium-enriching effect. Henan area can choose Yandan 20, Zhengdan 958, Jinhai 5, Weike 702, Longping 206, Yudan 9953, Xianyu 1140, Luoyu 114 and other varieties.
2 seed treatment
It is recommended to use coated seeds for sun drying 3 to 5 days before sowing to increase the germination rate after sowing and promote the healthy growth of seedlings.
3 timely seeding
The suitable sowing date of corn is mainly determined by temperature, moisture and variety. The ground temperature of 5-10 cm is above 10 °C, and the water holding capacity is 60%-70% or more as the standard for the sowing date of spring sowing corn. Summer sowing corn should be sown when robbing, according to the characteristics of the variety, determine the reasonable planting density, while ensuring the quality of sowing. It can be manually ordered, the soil is good, and the sowing depth is generally 3~5cm. The depth is consistent and the soil is tight. You can also choose a reliable precision seeding and deep fertilizer application machine to mix granules for controlling underground pests in chemical fertilizers. The sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm, and the line spacing is generally controlled at about 60 cm. The suitable lyrics for sowing are that the soil holding capacity of the plough layer (0-20 cm) reaches 60%-70%. If the lyrics are insufficient, it must be smashed before sowing. If it is too late, it should be poured into the "Mengtou Water" after sowing.
4 timely check seedlings and seedlings
Check the seedlings immediately after emergence, and use the transplanted seedlings to replant or directly replenish the seedlings. Transplanted when the seedlings were 3 to 4 leaves. Directly soak the seedlings for 8 to 12 hours before replanting. In the absence of 1 or 2 strains, double plants can be left around the missing seedlings. The seedlings should go weak and stay strong.
5 Scientific fertilization
Corn is a high-yield, fertilizer-rich crop that should be fertilized scientifically to meet the needs of the corn growing season. According to the principle of “stabilizing nitrogen, reducing phosphorus, increasing potassium, supplementing micro-microâ€, the specific application of corn special slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer is determined. The amount of fertilization is determined according to the level of ground force. In the corn planting, the corn seeding and deep chemical fertilizer integrated machine is used to apply the corn special controlled release fertilizer as the base fertilizer for more than 15cm, and the corn is no longer topdressed during the growth period. The artificial on-demand is mainly applied to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, and is applied in the seedling stage, jointing stage and booting stage three times. In the seedling stage, compound fertilizer can be applied in the three to four-leaf stage to meet the needs of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the seedling stage. Urea or diammonium phosphate in the jointing stage of corn, accounting for about 60% of the total fertilization, and about 30% of the panicle fertilizer. Miaoqing, more or less application, the leaf can be sprayed with micro-fertilizer.
6 timely irrigation
In the seedling stage and seedling stage, the soil of the cultivated layer must maintain 60%~70% of the field water holding capacity, ensure the seedlings and promote the development of root system; maintain the water holding capacity of the field at the jointing and booting stage by 70%-80%; maintain the field water holding capacity during the heading and flowering period. About 80% is suitable; the filling period of maturity maintains 70% to 75% of the field water holding capacity. The irrigation method should adopt furrow irrigation, seepage irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. Generally, the seedling stage is not irrigated. In the case of drought, the appropriate amount of irrigation can be 150-450 m3/hm2; the irrigation amount during the tasseling and flowering periods is 600-900, 300-600 m3/hm2, respectively, and it is appropriately increased during drought.
7 Scientific Selenium Application
Selenium-enriched corn is converted into organic selenium that can be utilized by the absorption and transformation of corn plants, and is enriched in corn kernels to become selenium-enriched corn. According to the experimental research, the selenium-enriched king nutrient is sprayed on the corn leaf surface, and the solution is prepared into a 300-1000 times solution with good selenium-enriching effect. Spray on the front and back sides of the corn leaves with a sprayer, usually 3 times. In the case of corn 7 to 8 leaves, spray the first time, and then spray once every 10 days. It is usually sprayed after 16:00 or on a cloudy day. If it rains, it can be re-sprayed. Selenium can be mixed with acidic and neutral pesticides and cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides.
8 pest and disease control
In the early stage of rust, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500-1000 times liquid, or 25% powder rusting wet powder 1 000 ~ 1500 times liquid spray control. In the prevention and control of rough disease, it should be planted in a timely manner, sowing in mid-June; seedling stage using 10% imidacloprid 1500 times liquid or 50% anti-converse WP 3000-5000 times liquid spray to prevent mites, gray fly Hey, to prevent the occurrence of rough disease.
In the prevention and control of corn mash, it can be trapped by black light during the prosperous period of corn borer; in the place where there are conditions, when the egg mass in the field reaches 3-4 pieces/100 plants, the pine caterpillar is released, and the corn larvae are controlled; Period (9th to 10th leaves unfolded), 0.25kg of 1.5% phoxim granules, 7.5 kg of fine sand, mixed and then sprinkled into the heart leaves, generally 1.5 ~ 2.0g / strain. The control thrips can be sprayed with 5% imidacloprid EC from 2000 to 3000 times. The control of the armyworm can be sprayed with chlorfenapyr, phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or the like.
In the prevention and control of underground pests, before the sowing of wheat, the groundworms, such as net chlorpyrifos or chlorpyrifos, can be mixed into the fertilizer and applied to the soil; when the corn is planted, it can also be mixed into the fertilizer; if the seedlings find underground pest damage Heavier, use 1kg phoxim plus water 5~10kg, mix 30kg fine soil, or use 90% trichlorfon 0.5kg to water 2.5~5.0kg, mix 50kg of wheat bran to make poison bait, and spread poison bait around the plant in the evening. 37.5 ~ 75.0kg / hm2, prevention and control of tigers, crickets and so on.
Spray the closed drug in time after emergence, try to choose the post-emergence herbicide. At present, Hong Chang cards containing atrazine security agent, two kinds of herbicides by HSBC brand Jinyu eucalyptus better. After the seedlings were sprayed with soil, the spray concentration was according to the product specification.
9 timely harvest
Early harvesting caused at least 10% of the corn crop, a suitable grain filling can sufficiently late harvest. Corn grain is fully mature logo milk line disappeared in the middle of corn, black layer appears, fluffy ear lobe package, showing grain varieties and characteristics inherent color, this time for the best harvest, should be timely harvest.
These are selenium-rich corn yield management techniques, if you are also interested in selenium-rich agricultural products, it would be the first to benefit rural network learning relevant farming technology it!
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