Small watermelon is also known as pocket watermelon and mini watermelon. The small watermelon has tender meat, less fiber, fresh and sweet taste, and is easy to carry. It is a high-end gift melon, which is very popular among consumers. Its price is more than double that of ordinary watermelon, and the economic benefits are considerable. Early spring greenhouse cultivation techniques should focus on the following five points:
First, the variety selection
Early spring cultivation generally chooses varieties with early maturity, disease resistance, high yield and high quality. At present, there are many popular applications: red Xiaoyu, Te Xiaofeng, Black Beauty, Early Spring Ruby, Xiaoyu, Yangchun, Chunguang and so on.
Second, the mouth of the arrangement
Early spring greenhouse cultivation is the main cultivation method of small watermelons. It is covered in small sheds and mulch in the greenhouse to increase the ground temperature and temperature. Appropriate sowing period is from late January to early February. In late February to early March, large seedlings (3 leaves and one heart) are planted in the greenhouse, making full use of the relatively low precipitation from March to May. The light and heat conditions are sufficient for light, May. Beginning in the middle of the year, you can get more results and higher output.
Third, cultivate strong seedlings
The rootstock gourd is soaked and germinated and then sown in a nutrient bowl or a tray. After about 7 days, the leaves of the gourd seedlings are separated. When the true leaves have been revealed, the watermelon seeds are germinated. The first true leaf of the gourd seedling is semi-expanded, and the grafting of the true leaf of the watermelon is most suitable when grafting. After 20 days, the grafted seedlings can be colonized when they are 2 to 3 true leaves.
Fourth, timely planting
Choose plots with low groundwater level, high dryness, good drainage, and no melons grown within 3 years.
1. Apply enough base fertilizer. Small watermelon planting density is high, leaving more melons, and the harvesting period is long, requiring a large amount of fertilizer. Therefore, the base fertilizer should be re-applied. Generally, 6 cubic meters of organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied in layers. The method is to open the deep ditch according to the average row spacing of 2 to 2.25 meters, the groove width is 50 cm, and the depth is 40 cm. The excavated soil is first backfilled in half, 70% of the organic fertilizer is applied, the mixture is turned upside down, the water is poured into the bottom, and then The remaining soil is backfilled 2/3, and the remaining 30% organic fertilizer is applied, mixed and then watered, which is subject to the pouring and filling. Then spread the ternary compound fertilizer and turn it evenly. After the flattening, make a small ridge with a height of 15 cm along the midline, cover the mulch and hang the shed, and prepare for planting.
2. Planting density. The planting density and cultivation method of small watermelons vary according to the pruning method, and the pruning method is still dominated by climbing cultivation. The use of two vines, the planting density is generally 800 plants per mu; using multiple vines (4 to 5 vines) pruning, the planting density is generally 400 to 500 plants per acre. At the time of planting, the planting distance of 40 cm is used to open the hole on the mulch. After planting the seedling, the water is poured into the hole, the water is oozing and the hole is sealed, then the shed film is covered, and the other layers are covered in the afternoon to ensure the night temperature.
V. Field management
1. Temperature and light management. A higher temperature is required for the slow seedling period, and should be maintained at around 30 ° C during the day, 15 ° C during the night, and at least 10 ° C at the lowest. The greenhouse is covered with multiple layers at night, and the film is peeled off from the outside and inside after the sunrise, and covered from the inside to the outside in the afternoon. Keep the temperature of 22 ° C ~ 25 ° C after the slow seedlings, ventilation when more than 33 ° C, keep above 12 ° C at night. The flowering result period requires a higher temperature, maintaining 30 ° C ~ 32 ° C during the day, 18 ° C at night, in order to facilitate flower development, pollination, fertilization and promote fruit development.
2. Reasonable pruning. Small watermelons have weak growth potential and small fruit shape, which is suitable for cultivation of multi-vines and melons. At present, the pruning method used in production is mainly in the 6-leaf stage. After the vines are planted, 3 to 5 vines with similar growth are retained to grow in parallel, and the remaining vines and the vines are removed. Sun Man.
3. Fertilizer management. On the basis of filling the bottom water, applying the base fertilizer and applying the long-acting organic fertilizer, the head melon is not watered or topdressed in principle before harvesting. If the water is insufficient, it should be properly supplemented in the early stage of the expanded melon. After most of the head melons are harvested, the second melons should be topdressed when they start to expand. The potassium and nitrogen fertilizers are mainly used, and some phosphate fertilizers are added. 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer can be applied per acre, and the ground can be applied at the periphery of the roots. Most of the second melon has been harvested. When the third melon begins to expand, the fertilizer is applied according to the previous application amount and fertilization method, and the number of watering is appropriately increased.
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