Central and northern Henan should pay attention to maintaining the balance of nutrient supply during the growing period
“Henan is mature, the world is full.†Henan is a large grain-producing province. The total grain output accounts for 1/10 of the country's total, and wheat production accounts for 1/4 of the country's total. It is of great significance to ensure the food security of winter wheat in autumn and winter in Henan.
Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Crops Management, the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, and the Agricultural Fertilization Guidance Expert Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs jointly issued the "Guidelines for Scientific Fertilization of Main Crops in Autumn and Winter of 2018". The special features of this edition are as follows, with a view to the majority of farmers. Guided to lay the foundation for wheat harvest.
The north-central part of Henan belongs to the North China Plain and the Guanzhong Plain Irrigation Winter Wheat Area. The excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in winter wheat in the irrigated areas of the North China Plain and the Guanzhong Plain is common, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is not balanced, the amount of base fertilizer is high, and the area of ​​one-time fertilization is increasing. When the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, the lack of trace elements such as sulfur, zinc and boron Occurred, the soil is shallow, the water retention capacity is poor.
Therefore, the following principles should be followed when fertilizing wheat in central and northern Henan: according to the results of soil testing and fertilization, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be appropriately reduced; the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in different stages, and the proportion of application in the middle and late growth stages should be appropriately increased according to soil fertility and characteristics of wheat varieties. According to the soil fertility conditions, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied efficiently; the straw is crushed and returned to the field, the organic fertilizer is added, the organic-inorganic fertilizer is promoted, the soil water retention and fertilizer retention capacity is improved, and the sulfur, zinc, boron, manganese and other traces are emphasized. Elemental application; for soils with acidification, salinization, and slab formation, it should be improved by scientific fertilization and tillage measures.
The recommended formula for the base chasing combined fertilization program is 15-20-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or a similar formula. The production level is below 400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 18-24 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and topdressing urea 10-13 kg/mu; the production level is 400-500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24 ～30 kg/mu, from the period of the body to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and topdressing urea 13~16 kg/mu; the production level is 500-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30-36 kg/mu, and the combined period is from the jointing stage to the jointing stage. The application of urea is 16-20 kg/mu; the yield level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 36-42 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and 20-24 kg/mu.
The one-time fertilization program recommends a formula of 25-12-8 (N-P2O5-K2O) or a similar formula. The production level is below 400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30-38 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; the production level is 400-500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 38-48 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application. The production level is 500-600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 48-58 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; the output level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 58-70 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer. Apply.
In the zinc-deficient or manganese-deficient areas, zinc sulphate or manganese sulphate may be applied in an amount of 1 to 2 kg/mu, and in the boron-deficient area, borax may be applied at 0.5 to 1 kg/mu. It is recommended to combine the "one spray three prevention" to spray the trace element water soluble fertilizer in the wheat filling period, or to spray the surface with 150-200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5 to 1 kilogram of urea to 50 kg per acre. If the base fertilizer is applied with organic fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate.
Pay attention to improving acidification, salinization and compacted soil in southeastern Henan
The southeastern part of Henan belongs to the rain-fed winter wheat area of ​​North China. The soil in the winter wheat area of ​​North China is dominated by Shajiang black soil. The soil fertility is not high, the available phosphorus is relatively low, and the lack of trace elements such as zinc and boron occurs frequently. The soil has shallow tillage and poor water retention and fertilizer retention capacity.
Therefore, the following principles should be followed when fertilizing wheat in southeastern Henan: according to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the amount of phosphate fertilizer; smash the straw to the field, increase the application of organic fertilizer, promote organic and inorganic cooperation, and improve the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. Pay attention to the application of trace elements such as zinc, boron and manganese; for soils with acidification, salinization and compaction, it should be improved by scientific fertilization and tillage measures; fertilizer application combined with green yield-increasing and cultivation techniques.
The recommended formula for the base chasing combined fertilization scheme is 18-15-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or a similar formula. The production level is below 350 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-28 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and urea, 7-9 kg/mu; the production level is 350-450 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 28 ~36 kg / mu, from the period of the body to the jointing stage combined with irrigation and urea 9-12 kg / mu; the production level of 450 ~ 600 kg / acre, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer 36 ~ 47 kg / acre, from the body to the jointing period combined with irrigation Topdressing urea 12 ~ 16 kg / mu; production level of 600 kg / acre, formula fertilizer recommended dosage of 47 ~ 55 kg / acre, from the period of the body to the jointing period combined with irrigation and urea 60 ~ 19 kg / mu.
The one-time fertilization program recommends a formula of 25-12-8 (N-P2O5-K2O) or a similar formula. The production level is below 350 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 28-39 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; the production level is 350-450 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 39-50 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application. The production level is 450-600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 50-67 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; the output level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 67-78 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer. Apply.
In the zinc-deficient or manganese-deficient areas, zinc sulphate or manganese sulphate may be applied in an amount of 1 to 2 kg/mu, and in the boron-deficient area, borax may be applied at 0.5 to 1 kg/mu. It is recommended to combine the "one spray three prevention" to spray the trace element water soluble fertilizer in the wheat filling period, or to spray the surface with 150-200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5 to 1 kilogram of urea to 50 kg per acre. If the base fertilizer is applied with organic fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate.
Southern Henan should adjust the amount of nitrogen fertilizer according to the quality of wheat varieties
The southern part of Henan is a winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The amount of organic fertilizer used in winter wheat in the Yangtze River Basin is small, the nitrogen fertilizer is too large and the proportion of early application is large, and the lack of trace elements such as sulfur and zinc occurs.
Therefore, the following principles should be followed when fertilizing wheat in southern Henan: adding organic fertilizer, applying straw to the field, combining organic and inorganic; appropriately reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjusting the proportion of base fertilizer and topdressing, reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage; Or stable application of phosphate fertilizer; effective phosphorus-rich soil, can reduce the amount of phosphate fertilizer; fertilizer application combined with green yield increase and efficiency cultivation techniques. According to the different varieties and quality of wheat, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the proportion of base chasing should be adjusted appropriately. Strong medium gluten wheat should increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the proportion of late application.
The recommended formula for the medium and low concentration formula fertilization scheme is 12-10-8 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula. The production level is below 300 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23-34 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and urea, 6-9 kg/mu; the production level is 300-400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 34. ~45kg/mu, from the period of the body to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and urea, 9-12 kg/mu; the production level is 400-550 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 45-62 kg/mu, and the combined fertilizer is combined with irrigation at the jointing stage. Topdressing urea 12 ~ 17 kg / mu; production level of 550 kg / acre, formula fertilizer recommended dosage of 62 ~ 74 kg / acre, from the period of the body to the jointing period combined with irrigation with urea to 17 ~ 20 kg / mu.
The recommended formula for high-concentration formula fertilization is 18-15-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula. The production level is below 300 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 15-23 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and urea, 6-9 kg/mu; the yield level is 300-400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23 ～30 kg/mu, from the period of the body to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and urea, 9-12 kg/mu; the production level is 400-550 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30-42 kg/mu, and the combined fertilizer is combined with irrigation at the jointing stage. Topdressing urea 12 ~ 17 kg / mu; production level of 550 kg / acre, formula fertilizer recommended dosage of 42 ~ 49 kg / acre, from the period of the body to the jointing stage combined with irrigation with urea to 17 ~ 20 kg / mu.
In the sulfur-deficient area, sulfur can be applied at a rate of 2 kg/mu. If other sulfur-containing fertilizers are used, the amount of sulfur can be reduced. In areas where zinc deficiency or manganese deficiency is used, zinc sulfate or manganese sulfate is applied in an amount of 1 to 2 kg/ mu. It is advocated to combine the “one spray and three prevention†to spray the trace element foliar fertilizer in the grain filling stage of wheat, or to spray foliar application with 150-200 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre and 50 kg of urea with water of 0.5-1 kg.
Western Henan advocates organic and inorganic cooperation and straw to return to the field
The western part of Henan Province is a rain-fed winter wheat area in the northwest. In the northwest dry farming and rainfed areas, the soil organic matter content is low, the water retention and fertilizer retention capacity is poor, the winter wheat growing season has less precipitation, the spring topdressing is difficult, and the organic fertilizer application is insufficient.
Therefore, the following principles should be followed when fertilizing wheat in western Henan: determine the amount of base fertilizer based on soil fertility and soil water storage conditions; adhere to the fertilization policy of “organic fertilizationâ€, “suitable nitrogen, stable phosphorus, and micro-complementingâ€; Organic and inorganic compounding and straw amount returning to the field; the formula fertilizer is mainly used for one-time application; attention should be paid to the combined application of trace element fertilizers such as manganese and zinc; fertilizer application should be combined with water-saving and high-yield cultivation techniques.
The recommended formula is 23-14-8 (N-P2O5-K2O) or a similar formulation. The production level is below 250 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 14-24 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; the production level is 250-350 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24-33 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application. The production level is 350-500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33-48 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; the yield level is above 500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 48-57 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer. Apply.
The farmer's fertilizer is 2 to 3 square meters/mu. High chlorine-containing fertilizers are banned to prevent the poisoning of chlorine-containing fertilizers on wheat seedlings. In areas where zinc deficiency or manganese deficiency occurs, zinc sulfate or manganese sulfate is applied at a rate of 1 to 2 kg/mu depending on the situation. It is advocated to combine the “one spray and three prevention†to spray the trace element foliar fertilizer in the grain filling stage of wheat, or to spray foliar application with 150-200 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre and 50 kg of urea with water of 0.5-1 kg.
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