Aquaculture methods include ponds, river ditch, large water painting purse and rice fields, and the status of rice farming in aquaculture has become very important. In recent years, the key issue in rice paddy farming is how to improve the level of rice farming technology.
1. Keep the water quality fresh. Good water quality is an important guarantee for the healthy development of rice farming. First, the water source should be protected. Use fresh, non-polluting rivers or lakes, and the water and drainage are convenient and separate. Breeding with dead water or village domestic sewage, these water-soluble oxygen is low or the water is eutrophic, easy to breed poisonous bacteria, shrimp and crab are easy to get sick and difficult to shell, and eventually lead to death. The second is to maintain a good water environment, maintain the most suitable living environment according to the ecological habits of the cultured objects, adjust the temperature of the water in a timely manner, and change the depth of the water according to the season (spring 0.8-1 m, summer 1.2-1.5 m) , winter 1.2 meters or more). The third is to prevent water pollution. Frequently add new water or change water (usually 10 to 11 o'clock in the morning, the temperature difference between river water and pool water is not large), you can use PSB (photosynthetic bacteria) or EM water-regulating king (effective micro-organisms) and other new complex biological agents to degrade ammonia nitrogen regularly. And hydrogen sulfide, etc., to increase the dissolved oxygen content of the water body, promote beneficial plankton to become a dominant population, promote a virtuous cycle of nutrients in the water body, and keep the culture water body fresh, live, tender and cool.
2. Create a good ecological environment. Make full use of good natural resources such as light, gas, water and soil, and adopt an ecological co-production method to form a multi-level and multi-functional biological chain and rationally recycle resources. First, dredging and disinfecting, in the winter and spring, first remove too much silt from the old pond mouth, then expose the pond to expose the sun to promote the oxidation of toxic substances; 15 days before breeding, 150 kg of quicklime per acre is disinfected; Also pay attention to disinfection, it is best to drain the pool water before breeding, inject fresh water, then drain, add water, disinfection for several days, inject new water; second, plant aquatic plants, control transplant coverage, generally 30% ~ 50 %, submerged aquatic plants such as submerged water, water, floating water, etc. In the deep water area, it is advisable to plant submerged plants such as Vallisneria, Hydrilla verticillata, Malay eye vegetables, Elodeza, etc. Water plants, economically aquatic plants that can be cultivated under conditions.
3. Select the breeding object. With the improvement of living standards, the development of science and technology, and the changes in consumer awareness, people are increasingly demanding the safety and quality of the famous premium aquatic products. The connotations and objects of “name, speciality and excellence†are also due to the time and place. It varies from person to person. First, we must understand the ecological habits of the breeding objects, understand the most suitable living environment (water temperature range, water thinness, oxygen tolerance, feeding habits, etc.), pay attention to the characteristics of paddy farming (shallow water layer, before rice grows high and harvest) After the water temperature changes drastically, the water quality is more fat, sometimes it needs to use inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, and the breeding cycle is short. Second, we must develop new varieties, introduce special varieties, and fully understand the rationality, forward-looking and market prospects of the cultured varieties. The three dignitaries have no me, and the people have my fineness. We must pay attention to the specific material conditions, technical level and specific conditions of the breeding farms of each farmer, and establish their own advantageous varieties and brands according to the characteristics of the commodities and the characteristics of the market economy. (such as silver carp, carp, loach, Pengze 鲫, brown pond 鳢, South American white shrimp, etc.), select high-tech, high value-added, high proportion of commodities, develop a brand, form an industry.
4. Reasonably feed the bait. First, feed the good bait, choose the agricultural products produced in the countryside or the wild feed that is easy to harvest. You can also make the compound feed yourself, or use the high-quality compound feed produced by the regular and famous brand manufacturers; ask for the quality guarantee and prevent the pollution. And rodent pests, insects, pay attention to shelf life, beware of oxidation, mildew and deterioration, require better palatability and higher nutritional value (such as fresh wild fish, shellfish, etc.), to reduce the cost per kilogram of fish products The amount of feed consumed, the more expensive compound feed should not be used more. The second is to feed good feed, according to the changes in the weather and the rise and fall of the water temperature, combined with the local feeding methods, grasp the type of feed, structure ratio, quality and usage, to achieve adequate, palatable, adequate and comprehensive nutrition. To timing, positioning, qualitative, quantitative and weather watching, watching the season, watching growth and eating conditions, see changes in water quality. Shrimp and crab farming is usually fed twice a day, around 8:00 am, 5:00 to 6:00 pm, feeding 3% to 1.0% of the weight of shrimp and crab, 30% in the morning, and 70% in the afternoon. The feeding location is separated from the shelling location; in order to allow the crabs to eat the snails in full and in time, most of the snails fed later are mechanically crushed, and the snails can be washed first, cooked and then crushed to prevent deterioration and pollution. The green shrimp is mainly in the deep water area in the morning, and the shallow water area is the main in the afternoon. There is a feeding area every 20 to 40 cm. The natural bait is the main material, and the combination of green, coarse and fine ensures the protein content and ensures fresh and palatable. It is strictly forbidden to cast spoilage and bait in the bait and full-price pellets.
5. Reform the farming method. With the goal of high quality, high efficiency and high yield, and aiming at large-scale and industrialization, we will establish and improve the ecological fishery system, make full use of the residual energy of the system, make comprehensive and rational use, complement each other, form a reasonable structure and high energy conversion rate. Good viability cycle. One is to increase the density. Disposable at one time, enlarge the specifications, put the specifications on the specifications, raise the size of the crab, compress the small size, control the specifications, develop large specifications, and require the stocking density to control 500 crabs/mu, and the V-stage young crabs 800-1000/ Mu, juvenile shrimp 5 ~ 10 kg / mu, shrimp seedlings 2000 ~ 20,000 / mu. The second is the anti-season river crab and rice shrimp. Change the shortcomings of traditional paddy field farming, single season rice planting time from June to July, control in the middle and late October harvest, after rice planting for one month, the acre shrimp seedlings (size 2 cm) 30,000 to 40,000, August In the middle of the acre (size is 1000 ~ 1500 / kg), about 600 young crabs, the breeding area is 5 ~ 10 acres. The third is 80:20 farming. Using rice fields to cultivate famous and excellent varieties, about 80% of the production is composed of a high-value warm-water fish that is fed by artificial pellets and is popular among consumers, namely, main fish (such as silver carp), other 20 The output of about % is composed of "service fish", that is, with fish (such as cockroaches, cockroaches, cockroaches). The main raise squid, put 500 to 900 acres, put about 50 acres of arable land, and raise 100 acres of silver carp. The fourth is healthy farming. Relying on scientific and technological progress, we will promote “better species + ideal ecological environment + scientific managementâ€, with emphasis on improved varieties, ecological balance and pollution-free inputs (feeds, medicines, etc.). The fifth is to establish an industrialization system. Organize industry associations according to production areas or production categories, improve the degree of organization, and cultivate “company + base + farmersâ€, become dispersed and concentrated, and enhance competitiveness.
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