1. Choose the best species. Early-maturing Chinese cabbage should choose varieties with good early maturity, strong heat resistance, strong disease resistance and high yield, such as small miscellaneous varieties, early heart white and so on.
2. Sowing at the right time. The growth period of early-maturing autumn cabbage is generally 50-60 days, and it is better to go before the mid-late ripening autumn cabbage with large planting area. Premature sowing is easy to induce pests and diseases, and the sowing date is too late, which will delay the listing period and lose the meaning of early maturity cultivation.
The suitable sowing date for early-maturing autumn cabbage is from late July to early August, and about 10 days before the beginning of autumn. The listing period should be before the National Day.
3. Balance fertilization. Early-maturing autumn cabbage is a high-yield vegetable variety, generally producing about 4,000 kg per mu, and the demand for fertilizer is large. The principle of fertilization is to pay attention to the base fertilizer and appropriate topdressing. Before sowing, combined with 5,000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 40 kg of high-nitrogen and low-phosphorus potassium-type ternary compound fertilizer. It is best to use a plot of cruciferous vegetables that has not been planted. For example, if the plot is planted for many years, it is necessary to apply 2 to 3 kg of bio-fertilizer per acre to improve soil conditions and enhance the ability of cabbage to resist pests and diseases.
4. Field management. In the high temperature, high humidity and rainy season of early maturing autumn cabbage, the root system of Chinese cabbage is shallow, and it is not drought-tolerant or resistant to drought. If severe drought and catastrophic weather occur, it will cause a large occurrence of pests and diseases, which will seriously affect the yield. In production, we can actively improve traditional planting methods, such as the use of sorghum cultivation techniques to ensure that we can protect against drought and encounter drainage. Early-ripe autumn cabbage should be planted on-demand, with 3 to 4 seeds per hole and twice in between. After the seedlings are strictly controlled, the seedlings are kept for about 10 days. After entering the rosette period, the key fertilizer and water management will be strengthened. In the initial stage of the rosette, 20 kg of urea or nitrogen and potassium fertilizer will be applied in combination with watering, and 20 kg of urea will be applied during the peak of the ball. In the ball-forming period, the soil is dry and wet, ensuring sufficient water supply and increasing production.
5, prevention and treatment of insects. The growth period of early maturing autumn cabbage is under high temperature and high humidity conditions, and the occurrence of pests and diseases is high. For example, aphids, tobacco budworms, cabbage caterpillars and soft rot are common pests and diseases. For aphids, it is possible to spray with imidacloprid 1000 times solution, and insects such as tobacco budworm and cabbage caterpillar are sprayed with beta-cypermethrin 1500 times solution. Chinese cabbage soft rot is very common in high-humidity environment. In the early stage of the disease, it can be controlled by agricultural streptomycin spray. Serious rooting should be taken out of the field for deep burial treatment, and lime is applied around the diseased area to prevent pathogens. propagation.
6, timely harvest. Early maturing autumn cabbage has a relatively short growth period of about 50 to 60 days. When the leaf ball grows to a compact porcelain and the outer leaves are yellowed, the weight per plant is about 2 kg. When cutting, use a machete or a kitchen knife to cut off the base of the cabbage root, remove the old leaves, diseased leaves and yellow leaves outside, and keep two or three leaves outside the leaf ball to prevent mechanical damage to protect the leaf ball.
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