How do greenhouse vegetables control pests and diseases? A big problem that has been paid attention to in China's greenhouse vegetables is the prevention and control of pests and diseases. So what are the places that need attention? The variety of vegetables and the improvement of soil are among them. Let's take a look at the shed greenhouse vegetable pest control technology compiled by Huinong.
1 Selection of excellent vegetable varieties resistant to disease
The selection of vegetable varieties with strong resistance to stress, resistance to disease, high yield and high quality is the most economical and effective way to control the pests and diseases of vegetables and obtain high quality and high yield of vegetables. Due to different vegetable varieties, their ability to resist pests and diseases is different; at the same time, the performance of resistant varieties will vary from place to place. Therefore, when applying disease-resistant varieties, comprehensive consideration should be given to their resistance and high-yield performance. The main invasive diseases of local greenhouse vegetables should be selected, and high-resistance or multi-resistance type compatible with cultivation season and cultivation method should be selected. Excellent variety.
2 Cultivation of disease-free and strong seedlings
The nursery site should be isolated from the production site to prevent the introduction of pests and diseases in the production site; before the nursery, the dead leaves and weeds of the seedbed should be thoroughly removed; the seed and nursery bed soil should be disinfected; Fertilizer, seedlings are planted with factory-based substrate or high-temperature fermentation-sterilized soil; seedlings are protected by means of nutrient sputum, nutrient paper bags, nutrient blocks, etc.; seedlings are raised by means of geothermal lines, brewing hot materials, etc. to enhance ground temperature; Dispose of pests and diseases in a timely manner, eliminate diseased seedlings, and use transplants without disease and insects.
3 Adopt grafting technology
Due to the continuous cultivation of greenhouse vegetables for many years, the accumulation of germs in the soil has led to the continuous suppression of soil-borne diseases. These soil-borne diseases are not only costly but also pollute vegetable products and the environment. The breeding technique of diseased vegetable varieties is very difficult, and it is difficult to achieve the desired effect. Vegetable grafted seedlings are the only effective means to prevent soil-borne diseases. At the same time, grafting can improve the low temperature tolerance of vegetable plants, and has the characteristics of strong disease resistance (reverse), good quality and high yield. For example, cucumber is grafted with black seed pumpkin as rootstock, thin skin melon is grafted with white seed pumpkin, watermelon is grafted with gourd, melon or winter melon, which not only can completely solve the damage of melon wilt, but also improve melons. The cold tolerance and antiviral ability, and greatly increase the yield of melons; the blight of eggplant and the verticillium wilt can only be cured by grafting the roots of the wild CRP cigar.
4 Improved and fertilized soil
While rationally applying chemical fertilizers, increase the application of fully decomposed organic fertilizers, because in the process of decomposition of organic fertilizers, bacteria and actinomycetes will proliferate and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria; application of biological bacterial fertilizers will enable beneficial bacteria in the soil. Large-scale reproduction inhibits the expansion of harmful bacteria. At the same time, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria in biological bacterial fertilizer can continuously provide nutrients for vegetables, and can increase the agglomerate structure of the soil. The soil is obviously loose and increases soil voids. Degree, soil bulk density decreased.
Formulated balanced fertilization according to the target yield of vegetables and the effective nutrient content of the soil. In fertilization, the base fertilizer and top dressing should be applied together. It is necessary to properly control nitrogen fertilizer, ensure phosphate fertilizer, and increase potassium fertilizer to improve the disease resistance of crops and improve the quality of vegetables.
Rational application of micro-fertilizer, the test proves that potassium fertilizer can reduce the harm of fungi and bacteria. Boron can prevent powdery mildew of Cucurbitaceae. Iron can reduce the damage of anthracnose bacteria in vegetable seedling stage. Calcium and zinc can inhibit the expansion of fungal lesions.
5 Clean the garden in time
The defoliation and weeds of vegetable crops are often the carrier or potential of pests and diseases, and are one of the sources of repeated occurrence of pests and diseases.
Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the fields in time after the harvest of the vegetables and before the preparation of the soil, and clean up the plant residues, rotten leaves, weeds and various wastes left in the field. During the growing period of vegetables, the fields should be cleaned up in time, and the diseased plants, diseased leaves, diseased fruits, branches and the old leaves that have lost their functions in the lower part should be cleaned out of the fields in time, and burned or buried deeply, which can reduce the pests and diseases. source. In order to prevent the invasion of bacteria from the wound, it should be promptly used after the cleanup.
6 Strengthening field management
Proper management of the field can improve the fertility status of vegetables, and can also improve the disease resistance of vegetables and the ability to compensate after suffering. Adjusting the sowing date can stagger the onset period of vegetables and the infestation period of the original pests, and achieve the purpose of avoiding pests and diseases; deep turning the soil can promote the diseased bodies, wintering pests such as sclerotia, eggs, and cockroaches. The deciduous leaves rot in the soil, and can accelerate the death of the original pests and animals in the soil or in the soil, reduce the number of pathogens and insects; promote the cultivation of high ridges or sorghum mulch; promote drip irrigation in the protected vegetable fields , infiltration irrigation, under-film submerged irrigation, in the open field vegetable fields to promote sprinkler irrigation, it is strictly forbidden to flood irrigation; for the adjustment of the room temperature humidity of the vegetable shed, it is necessary to implement the measures of topping the wind or waist wind to avoid the release of the wind, and at the same time Ventilation, night wind, early morning wind, watering after suffocating the shed, and then releasing the wind to reduce the humidity in the shed; keep the shed film clean to facilitate light transmission; when applying indoor shed, use powder or The smoke agent replaces the spray to reduce the humidity; the high temperature is prone to blight, bacterial wilt, and blight, and the greenhouse covers the shade net during the high temperature season, which can effectively alleviate soil-borne diseases and continuous cropping obstacles; for fruits and vegetables Vegetables, by tidying branches, sharpening leaves, etc. Ventilation and light transmission can promote plant growth and reduce pests and diseases.
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