First, the brooding brooding period refers to the 0-90 days of the young period.
(I) Feeding Technology 1. During the procreation period, crude protein in feed is required to be 22%-18%, and generation energy 1134 MJ/kg. Crude fiber is less than 4%.
2. The shape of the feed gradually changes from the powder to the pellets.
3, chicks eat water within 24 hours after hatching as soon as possible after the water, eat the material should be the water seasoning into dry and wet moderate.
4. The number of feeds is: Within half a month, 6 times a day, after which it is reduced to 4 or 3 times a day.
5. Feed intake: 70 grams per day (all referring to concentrates) at 1-30 days, crude protein 22%-20%; 121-400 grams/day/day 31-60 days old, crude protein It was 18%; at days 61-90, 500-600 g/day, crude protein was 18%. In addition to eating concentrates, it is also necessary to supplement the feeding of green and blue feed, the amount of which should not exceed 5 times the amount of concentrate.
(B) Management Technology 1, insulation. The incubation period is generally 60 days, and the interior should be preheated to 35°C to 36°C 1-2 days in advance. Pre-fumigation and disinfection of chicks. Insulation standards are: 0-3 day old 35°C, 3 days old to 1 week old 34°C, 2 weeks old 34-32°C, then 2°C lower every week, and desuperheated until 9 weeks old.
2, relative humidity. Relative humidity is 55%-60%. When the weather is fine, youngsters should be allowed to go outdoors.
3, to enhance ventilation and sunshine, ensure adequate lighting.
4, the size of the group. It is advisable to have about 30 chicks per group.
5. Feeding density. Feeding density according to the following requirements: 1 week of age: 0.2 square meters / only; 2 weeks of age: 0.3 square meters / only; 3 weeks of age: 0.35 square meters / only; 4 weeks of age: 0.4 square meters / only (within) , outdoor sports ground 0.8 square meters/only; 5 weeks old: indoor 0.5 square meters/only; outdoor 1.0 square meters/only; 6 weeks old: indoor 0.6 square meters/only; outdoor 1.2 square meters/only; 7 weeks old: indoor 0.7 square meters/only; outdoor 1.5 square meters/only; 8 weeks old: indoor 0.8 square meters/only; outdoor 2 square meters/only; later to 90 days old, indoor 2.5 square meters/only; outdoor 12 square meters/only .
6, feeding methods. The key issue is the use of ground leveling. The litter used should require highly absorbent materials, while the floor should be soft. The ground sand is ideal and the sand thickness should be not less than 10 cm. The stadium should choose small stones with good hygroscopicity so that when the ostriches move, they will not cause dust to fly. Timely prevention and treatment of diseases.
The survival rate of the prostitutes mainly depends on the work before the age of 4 weeks.
Second, the growing period of breeding refers to 91 days to the pre-opening period, of which 91 days to 14 months of age for the breeding stage, from the age of 14 months to 26 months for the kind of backup stage.
(1) Feeding Technology 1. This phase is a period of regulatory maturation and an important stage of growth and development. It is of great significance to increase egg production and reduce the elimination rate. Should be based on outdoor grazing, try to eat more roughage.
2. Concentrates contain 15%-16.5% of crude protein, 11.506 MJ/kg of metabolizable energy, 6% of pre-crude fiber, and 8%-10% of reserve period (or increase to 12%-14%).
3, feed is best to use granular materials, particles φ7-8 mm to 10 mm. Granules in the diet accounted for 30%, and high quality greens accounted for 70%.
4. The first week to the fourth week after the start of the breeding period as a transition period for feed replacement. In the first week, the brooding material accounts for 4/5, and the breeding material is 1/5. After that, the nursery material is reduced by 1/5 every other week. The amount of bred material was increased by 1/5, and all materials were fed to the fifth week.
5. Feed intake: Commercial quail 1500-2000 g per day per day is sold until 12 months of age; seedlings are bred at 1000-1500 g per day per day. The concentrates mentioned above are all concentrates. Green materials used more wolfberry, green corn, other artificial pasture or natural pasture.
6, feed the concentrated material 2-3 times a day, green material is used to solve the grazing all day. At the same time to ensure adequate drinking water.
(b) Management Technology 1. The best way for pastoral land is for hillside grazing, free grazing, and the removal of nails, broken glass or plastic bags, ropes, etc. should be as far as possible. In order to avoid eating mistakes caused by gastric disease.
2. The barn house should have good daylighting properties, and a green belt with a width of 1-2 meters should be set around the site. Always keep the inside and outside of the house clean, dry, and often remove stagnant water. The ground sand thickness is 5-20 cm.
3, the best door in the home is 3.4 meters high, the ceiling is not less than 3.7 meters.
4, must have a good drainage system. Weight should be weighed regularly.
5. Feeding density. When there is plenty of space, the accommodation can be 20m2 each, the playground is 100m2/room, the venue is hours, the African blackhouse is within 8m2 per room, the playground is 50m2 per room, and the quail is 4m within the Oasis or the Americas. Square / only, sports ground 25-35 square meters / only. 20-30 per group is appropriate.
In short, during the breeding period, the ostriches should be allowed to exercise, the contaminated sand and gravel should be cleaned regularly, the excrement should be cleaned twice a day, the disinfection should be set up on the import and export, and the disinfection should be done once a week, and the disease should be prevented.
Third, adult ostriches enter adulthood when they reach 26 months of age or older.
(1) Feeding Technology 1. Grazing is still the mainstay, and the main feed is green coarse material. In the concentrate, the crude protein was 18% and the metabolic energy was 11.7 MJ/kg. Crude fiber 6%-8%, calcium, phosphorus ratio of 4-5:1, at the same time, calcium, phosphorus, vitamins and a variety of trace elements should be 20%-25% higher than the chicken breeders diet. Salt accounts for 0.4% concentrate.
2. Concentrates are still based on pellets. Particles φ14-16 mm, with 16 mm being the best. Concentrates (ie concentrates) should not exceed 2000 grams per egg-laying period per day, and no more than 1000 grams per day per egg-laying period (missing period). At the same time, during the rest period, the nutritional level should also be reduced, namely, crude protein is 14%, metabolic energy 11.2 MJ/kg, refined fiber 16% to 18%, calcium and phosphorus levels fall to the level of rest chickens. The breeding period of ostriches is determined by humans, ie, the period of oblivion is November and December each year. At this time the male and female were separately reared and gradually reduced the amount of fine feed in the middle and late September. Once the production stopped, the supply of concentrated feed was stopped for 5 days, and all the shutdown effects were achieved. Adults should try to satisfy the supply of blue roughage, usually 4-6 kg per day.
3, make a good feed transition. After 26 months of age, the same procedure as in the rearing period should be used to make the transition from bred feed to adult egg production. The time is also 4 weeks, feeding 3 times a day (referring to concentrates) and fully supplying clean drinking water. When supplying coarse and coarse materials, sharp and hard objects and plastic products shall be strictly removed to prevent gastrointestinal diseases in ostriches.
(b) Management Technology 1. The breeding period is generally composed of 1 male and 2 females, ie 3 small groups, one small group per 800 square meters, while the non-breeding period is combined into 20-100 small groups for management. Australian ostriches and American ostriches consist of 5-7 small groups with a male to female ratio of 1:4-6.
2, breeding density. African storks are 20-30 square meters per birdhouse, with a movement of 200 square meters per bird; Australian ostriches (birds) or American ostrich birdhouses are within 10 square meters per bird, and sports grounds are 50-60 square meters per bird.
3, pay attention to the choice of species. The male ostrich’s male body is required to be tall, the body feather is black, the tail feathers and wing feathers are white, and when the defecation occurs, the penis extends out of the cloacal cavity to the left, the penis is not less than 25 cm long, and the penis extends from the length of the penis to the retraction interval. The time should be slightly longer, the feather should be bright and bright, the ankle and the ankle should be orange, and the libido should be vigorous. When mating, the wings should be stretched, the head should be shaken, the neck should be shouted, and the dancing should be performed. The mother must show strong motherhood, such as egg protection. Sex and guarding young chicks are strong. Plumage gray, orange and red ankles, pale blue-gray, estrus should be obvious, that is willing to accept public breeding, the distance between the two feet and the pubic bone should be wide.
4. The interior of the house and sports ground should be covered with sand. The requirements are the same as the breeding period. It is best to use a clean yellow river sand with a thickness of 8-20 cm.
5, try to keep the environment quiet and dry without moisture, relative humidity of about 60%, as for cleaning, disinfection, removal of nails, glass and other debris and other requirements and set green belts, drainage systems, etc. are the same with the growth period.
6. Observe the dynamics of the hernia group and do a good job of daily registration, such as food intake, drinking conditions, mental status, feather luster, hanging or lifting the ostrich’s head and neck, etc. Head and neck are not signs of serious illness. The excrement is normal and hard or rotten is abnormal and should be analyzed. Attention should also be paid to the occurrence of trauma in individual cases. The male and female parents should also observe their spontaneity and mating status one by one.
7. Moulting. Generally from mid-October to late-January of the following year, the ostriches enter the moulting stage. The order of moulting is: front shoulder and chest → buttocks → waist → wing feathers → tail feathers.
(I) Feeding Technology 1. During the procreation period, crude protein in feed is required to be 22%-18%, and generation energy 1134 MJ/kg. Crude fiber is less than 4%.
2. The shape of the feed gradually changes from the powder to the pellets.
3, chicks eat water within 24 hours after hatching as soon as possible after the water, eat the material should be the water seasoning into dry and wet moderate.
4. The number of feeds is: Within half a month, 6 times a day, after which it is reduced to 4 or 3 times a day.
5. Feed intake: 70 grams per day (all referring to concentrates) at 1-30 days, crude protein 22%-20%; 121-400 grams/day/day 31-60 days old, crude protein It was 18%; at days 61-90, 500-600 g/day, crude protein was 18%. In addition to eating concentrates, it is also necessary to supplement the feeding of green and blue feed, the amount of which should not exceed 5 times the amount of concentrate.
(B) Management Technology 1, insulation. The incubation period is generally 60 days, and the interior should be preheated to 35°C to 36°C 1-2 days in advance. Pre-fumigation and disinfection of chicks. Insulation standards are: 0-3 day old 35°C, 3 days old to 1 week old 34°C, 2 weeks old 34-32°C, then 2°C lower every week, and desuperheated until 9 weeks old.
2, relative humidity. Relative humidity is 55%-60%. When the weather is fine, youngsters should be allowed to go outdoors.
3, to enhance ventilation and sunshine, ensure adequate lighting.
4, the size of the group. It is advisable to have about 30 chicks per group.
5. Feeding density. Feeding density according to the following requirements: 1 week of age: 0.2 square meters / only; 2 weeks of age: 0.3 square meters / only; 3 weeks of age: 0.35 square meters / only; 4 weeks of age: 0.4 square meters / only (within) , outdoor sports ground 0.8 square meters/only; 5 weeks old: indoor 0.5 square meters/only; outdoor 1.0 square meters/only; 6 weeks old: indoor 0.6 square meters/only; outdoor 1.2 square meters/only; 7 weeks old: indoor 0.7 square meters/only; outdoor 1.5 square meters/only; 8 weeks old: indoor 0.8 square meters/only; outdoor 2 square meters/only; later to 90 days old, indoor 2.5 square meters/only; outdoor 12 square meters/only .
6, feeding methods. The key issue is the use of ground leveling. The litter used should require highly absorbent materials, while the floor should be soft. The ground sand is ideal and the sand thickness should be not less than 10 cm. The stadium should choose small stones with good hygroscopicity so that when the ostriches move, they will not cause dust to fly. Timely prevention and treatment of diseases.
The survival rate of the prostitutes mainly depends on the work before the age of 4 weeks.
Second, the growing period of breeding refers to 91 days to the pre-opening period, of which 91 days to 14 months of age for the breeding stage, from the age of 14 months to 26 months for the kind of backup stage.
(1) Feeding Technology 1. This phase is a period of regulatory maturation and an important stage of growth and development. It is of great significance to increase egg production and reduce the elimination rate. Should be based on outdoor grazing, try to eat more roughage.
2. Concentrates contain 15%-16.5% of crude protein, 11.506 MJ/kg of metabolizable energy, 6% of pre-crude fiber, and 8%-10% of reserve period (or increase to 12%-14%).
3, feed is best to use granular materials, particles φ7-8 mm to 10 mm. Granules in the diet accounted for 30%, and high quality greens accounted for 70%.
4. The first week to the fourth week after the start of the breeding period as a transition period for feed replacement. In the first week, the brooding material accounts for 4/5, and the breeding material is 1/5. After that, the nursery material is reduced by 1/5 every other week. The amount of bred material was increased by 1/5, and all materials were fed to the fifth week.
5. Feed intake: Commercial quail 1500-2000 g per day per day is sold until 12 months of age; seedlings are bred at 1000-1500 g per day per day. The concentrates mentioned above are all concentrates. Green materials used more wolfberry, green corn, other artificial pasture or natural pasture.
6, feed the concentrated material 2-3 times a day, green material is used to solve the grazing all day. At the same time to ensure adequate drinking water.
(b) Management Technology 1. The best way for pastoral land is for hillside grazing, free grazing, and the removal of nails, broken glass or plastic bags, ropes, etc. should be as far as possible. In order to avoid eating mistakes caused by gastric disease.
2. The barn house should have good daylighting properties, and a green belt with a width of 1-2 meters should be set around the site. Always keep the inside and outside of the house clean, dry, and often remove stagnant water. The ground sand thickness is 5-20 cm.
3, the best door in the home is 3.4 meters high, the ceiling is not less than 3.7 meters.
4, must have a good drainage system. Weight should be weighed regularly.
5. Feeding density. When there is plenty of space, the accommodation can be 20m2 each, the playground is 100m2/room, the venue is hours, the African blackhouse is within 8m2 per room, the playground is 50m2 per room, and the quail is 4m within the Oasis or the Americas. Square / only, sports ground 25-35 square meters / only. 20-30 per group is appropriate.
In short, during the breeding period, the ostriches should be allowed to exercise, the contaminated sand and gravel should be cleaned regularly, the excrement should be cleaned twice a day, the disinfection should be set up on the import and export, and the disinfection should be done once a week, and the disease should be prevented.
Third, adult ostriches enter adulthood when they reach 26 months of age or older.
(1) Feeding Technology 1. Grazing is still the mainstay, and the main feed is green coarse material. In the concentrate, the crude protein was 18% and the metabolic energy was 11.7 MJ/kg. Crude fiber 6%-8%, calcium, phosphorus ratio of 4-5:1, at the same time, calcium, phosphorus, vitamins and a variety of trace elements should be 20%-25% higher than the chicken breeders diet. Salt accounts for 0.4% concentrate.
2. Concentrates are still based on pellets. Particles φ14-16 mm, with 16 mm being the best. Concentrates (ie concentrates) should not exceed 2000 grams per egg-laying period per day, and no more than 1000 grams per day per egg-laying period (missing period). At the same time, during the rest period, the nutritional level should also be reduced, namely, crude protein is 14%, metabolic energy 11.2 MJ/kg, refined fiber 16% to 18%, calcium and phosphorus levels fall to the level of rest chickens. The breeding period of ostriches is determined by humans, ie, the period of oblivion is November and December each year. At this time the male and female were separately reared and gradually reduced the amount of fine feed in the middle and late September. Once the production stopped, the supply of concentrated feed was stopped for 5 days, and all the shutdown effects were achieved. Adults should try to satisfy the supply of blue roughage, usually 4-6 kg per day.
3, make a good feed transition. After 26 months of age, the same procedure as in the rearing period should be used to make the transition from bred feed to adult egg production. The time is also 4 weeks, feeding 3 times a day (referring to concentrates) and fully supplying clean drinking water. When supplying coarse and coarse materials, sharp and hard objects and plastic products shall be strictly removed to prevent gastrointestinal diseases in ostriches.
(b) Management Technology 1. The breeding period is generally composed of 1 male and 2 females, ie 3 small groups, one small group per 800 square meters, while the non-breeding period is combined into 20-100 small groups for management. Australian ostriches and American ostriches consist of 5-7 small groups with a male to female ratio of 1:4-6.
2, breeding density. African storks are 20-30 square meters per birdhouse, with a movement of 200 square meters per bird; Australian ostriches (birds) or American ostrich birdhouses are within 10 square meters per bird, and sports grounds are 50-60 square meters per bird.
3, pay attention to the choice of species. The male ostrich’s male body is required to be tall, the body feather is black, the tail feathers and wing feathers are white, and when the defecation occurs, the penis extends out of the cloacal cavity to the left, the penis is not less than 25 cm long, and the penis extends from the length of the penis to the retraction interval. The time should be slightly longer, the feather should be bright and bright, the ankle and the ankle should be orange, and the libido should be vigorous. When mating, the wings should be stretched, the head should be shaken, the neck should be shouted, and the dancing should be performed. The mother must show strong motherhood, such as egg protection. Sex and guarding young chicks are strong. Plumage gray, orange and red ankles, pale blue-gray, estrus should be obvious, that is willing to accept public breeding, the distance between the two feet and the pubic bone should be wide.
4. The interior of the house and sports ground should be covered with sand. The requirements are the same as the breeding period. It is best to use a clean yellow river sand with a thickness of 8-20 cm.
5, try to keep the environment quiet and dry without moisture, relative humidity of about 60%, as for cleaning, disinfection, removal of nails, glass and other debris and other requirements and set green belts, drainage systems, etc. are the same with the growth period.
6. Observe the dynamics of the hernia group and do a good job of daily registration, such as food intake, drinking conditions, mental status, feather luster, hanging or lifting the ostrich’s head and neck, etc. Head and neck are not signs of serious illness. The excrement is normal and hard or rotten is abnormal and should be analyzed. Attention should also be paid to the occurrence of trauma in individual cases. The male and female parents should also observe their spontaneity and mating status one by one.
7. Moulting. Generally from mid-October to late-January of the following year, the ostriches enter the moulting stage. The order of moulting is: front shoulder and chest → buttocks → waist → wing feathers → tail feathers.
Natural pigments are food pigments obtained from natural resources. Pigments extracted mainly from animal and plant tissues and microorganisms (cultures), in which vegetative colorants predominate. Natural pigments not only have the function of coloring food, but also have physiological activity. At present, there are 48 kinds of edible natural pigments approved to be used in China, commonly used chili red, beet red, monascus red, cochineal red, gaolianghong, sodium copper chlorophyllin, turmeric, gardenia yellow, carotene, algal blue pigment, cocoa pigment, caramel pigment and so on.
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