Lily, with beautiful flowers and attractive colors, and the meaning of Pepsi and heart, is a symbol of beauty and honor. It is deeply loved by people and has become one of the main potted flowers of the Spring Festival. As the Chinese New Year, the potted lily has some special requirements in the cultivation and management process.
1. Cultivation of potted lilies for the Spring Festival
1. Selection of varieties and prediction of flowering period. The potted lily used in the Spring Festival is a kind of anti-seasonal cultivation, so the requirements for environment and culture technology are high. Firstly, the following principles should be grasped when selecting the variety. 1 The plant grows robustly and the height is below 70 cm. 2 The requirements for light intensity Not high; 3 flowers are numerous, bright colors, preferably red series; 4 growth cycle within 4 months.
Flowering forecasting is related to the economic benefits of the entire production, too early or too late to mature, will greatly reduce the benefits. Therefore, when ordering the bulb, you should know the ecological habits, growth cycle and accumulated temperature of the variety in order to correctly predict the flowering period.
2. Cultivation substrate preparation and bulb sterilization. The ideal substrate should be nutrient-rich, have good aeration, high water holding capacity, and good chemical properties. Different lily varieties have different requirements on the pH of the substrate. The pH of Asian and musk lily types is between 6 and 7, while the pH of oriental lily is between 5.5 and 6.5. The main components of lily potted substrate are peat, perlite (or vermiculite) and garden soil, which are prepared according to 4:2:4. After preparation, the substrate should be fully disinfected. In addition, the bulbs should be sterilized strictly before planting and dried in the shade.
3. Planting of the bulbs. When planting, the bulbs of the same size and no pests and diseases should be selected, and the number of bulbs should be determined according to the specifications of the bulbs and pots. When planting, the bottom of the flower pot is filled with a matrix of 5-7 cm thick, and the bulbs of the bulbs are evenly distributed in the pots, and the water is immediately poured after planting. When the bulb sprouts out of the ground and the leaves are not unfolded, if the seedlings are found to be unevenly distributed in the pots, the lilies can be carefully taken out and replanted evenly.
Second, the management of potted lily in the Spring Festival
1. Leaf burning phenomenon. The potted lily used in the Spring Festival, from the beginning of the flower bud to the beginning of the flower stem, most of the leaf burning phenomenon, that is, the young leaves around the flower bud are water-soaked, or even all fall off, which will seriously deform the whole flower. Affect product quality. The main reasons for this phenomenon are: first, the characteristics of the variety itself; second, the temperature is too high in the early stage of bulb growth; third, the total salt content in the cultivation substrate is too high. Leaf burning is a physiological disease. It is forbidden to apply any pesticide. The following measures can be taken: 1 artificially separate the young leaves and flower buds. If water drops are found, the water must be blotted with cotton wool or paper towels; Less or no chemical fertilizer before burning; 3 Under the premise of not affecting the normal growth of the plant, try to reduce watering as much as possible, and increase ventilation appropriately; 4 If the cultivation substrate has high salt content before planting, apply water multiple times to reduce the root system of the plant. The concentration of salt around.
2. Temperature management. During the first two weeks of lily planting, the temperature should be controlled at around 4-13 degrees Celsius, and the temperature can be gradually increased to promote the growth of stem roots. If the temperature is too low, it will prolong the growth period of the lily. If the temperature is higher than 25 degrees Celsius, the root-shoot ratio of the potted lily will be imbalanced, resulting in a decrease in product quality.
3. Water management. Since water affects the total salt content of the culture substrate, the salt content of the water to be poured should be 0.5 mS/cm or less. It is best to water the time in the morning or in the morning at a lower temperature. When the lily is in the bud, the watering frequency is appropriately reduced, and the water cannot be poured to the leaf surface to avoid the leaf burning. After the end of the leaf burning period, watering can be sprayed. Especially at high temperatures, the water spray on the foliage not only keeps the leaves bright green, but also avoids high temperature burning. In the later stage of flower bud growth, keep enough water to avoid shrinking due to falling buds or flower buds.
4. Fertilizer. Lily is a bulbous flower that can be applied 2-3 times during growth. Stem root formation period, do not apply fertilizer. After the end of the leaf burning, the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, supplemented by calcium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. Most of the first fertilization was applied with calcium nitrate, about 5 grams per pot. The second fertilization can be applied to potassium buds during the growth period of the flower buds.
5, lighting. Potted lily has different requirements for light intensity in different growth stages. Shading should be carried out during the bud stage. If the temperature of the leaves is too high, it should be properly shaded. In other growth stages, light should be strengthened, especially during flower development.
6. Relative humidity and ventilation. Potted lily requires air relative humidity of 80%-85%. Relative humidity is too high, which will lead to a variety of diseases. Too low will affect the normal growth rate of plants. When ventilating, avoid causing drastic changes in the relative humidity of the air, otherwise the product quality will be degraded. During the leaf burning, ventilation and ventilation may be appropriately increased to reduce leaf burning.
7. Pests and diseases and their prevention and treatment. The common diseases of potted lily are mainly gray mold, blight and penicillium rot. The control method is as follows: 1 to maintain the conditions of environmental ventilation, low light and low humidity; 2 for the gray mold can be used zinc, carbendazim , thiophanate or chlorothalonil prevention; blight can be controlled by dexamethasone; penicillium rot can be controlled by metalaxyl Mn-Zn wettable powder, anti-virus WP, DuPont ke WP. The main pests are aphids and whiteflies, which can be controlled with omethoate.
Third, harvesting sales
When the first flower bud is fully developed, the potted lily can be marketed. If you need to carry out long-distance transportation sales, you should ensure that the potted flowers have sufficient water before transportation, and increase the appropriate light to avoid yellowing of the leaves.
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