S. sclerotiorum is a disease caused by a fungus that occurs mainly in the adult planting stage of soybeans. The earliest branch appeared at the lower part of the main stem and formed water-stained lesions. The shape was irregular, the lesions expanded upwards and downwards, appearing light brown or nearly white, and later lesions surrounded the stems, causing the stems and leaves above the sickness to dry up. Diseased plants are prone to lodging. The site of the disease was white cotton flocculent mycelia and white granules, which turned black and resembled mouse feces. It was the sclerotia of the bacteria and it was easy to fall off. The diseased stalks were longitudinally cut and hollow, with black cylindrical sclerotia. The longitudinal tear of the diseased plants under dry conditions, and the appearance of vascular bundles like chaos. In the seedling stage, the base of the diseased stem was browned and stained with water. When the humidity was high, white cotton hyphae grew up. Afterwards, the diseased part dried and shrank to yellowish brown and died. The leaves and pods are infected to form leaf rot and rot.
The bacteria relies on sclerotia for winter, which is scattered in the soil, on the sick or in the seeds. In spring, ascospores and ascospores are produced under appropriate environmental conditions and become the primary source of infection in the field. Ascospores are transmitted by wind and rain, and rainfall is the main cause of disease epidemics. Heavy crops or sunflowers in front of the crops, low-lying, over-density or over-prosperous crops have caused the onset of serious soybean crops in the fields, and heavy rainfall in the months of July and August.
Prevention and control of soybean sclerotia should pay attention to: (1) Select seeds, remove sclerotia mixed in the seeds. (2) The severely affected land is subjected to autumn deep turning, and the sclerotia that has fallen into the field is buried deep in the soil to promote the early decay of the diseased plant debris. (3) For non-parasitic crops such as grass crop rotation for more than 3 years, try not to work with cruciferous vegetables such as sunflowers, rapeseeds, and kidney beans, mung beans, peanuts, and carrots together. (4) Choose good, early-maturing and disease-resistant varieties. (5) Apply foliar spray at the early stage of disease. The available pharmaceuticals include 50% procymidone (Sulfacin) 1000g moisturizer, 40% sclerotin 1000x liquid, 50% thiophanate-methyl 500x, 40% WP wettable powder 800~1200 Spray twice or spray again every 7 days.
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