In recent years, with the continuous expansion of potato acreage, the occurrence and severity of potato scabs have been increasing year by year and have become the major diseases in potato cultivation. After the scab, the lesions are limited to the cortex, but the diseased potatoes are not resistant to storage and their appearance is ugly. Sensitive potato skin has different sizes and different shades, so it is called scab. After the illness, the quality of the potato has a great influence, resulting in a decline in the value of the commodity and a serious economic loss. Generally, it can reduce production by 10% to 30%, and some plots can even reduce production by more than 40%.
According to Zhang Lining, potato scabs generally occur on alkaline soils. In sandy loam, the plots that have been continuously cropped for more than 4 years are particularly serious. The prevention and treatment of potato scabs are mostly sprayed with agricultural streptomycin, neomycin, kasugamycin and chloramphenicol (copper hydroxide) and other agents. These agents have a certain killing effect on the bacteria, but from the control effect not ideal.
In the past few years, through the field experiment, teacher Zhang used the method of deep-turning the land in winter and achieved a good control effect.
The cause of potato scab is Streptomyces scab, which is an actinomycete. Germs rot in the soil or overwinter on diseased potatoes. The temperature suitable for this disease is 25-30°C. Take the method of deep-turning the soil in winter to destroy the breeding environment of the bacteria. The specific approach is to seize the time when the soil is idle in winter and deep plowing with a deep plough. The depth of the best arable land reaches 35-40 cm. Do not flatten and expose the soil to long-term exposure to the sun, so that after a winter, you can basically kill germs in the soil. Until the next year, 10 days before planting, one-time rotary tilling is performed.
In addition, potato scab is prone to occur in alkaline soils, and rarely occurs below pH 5.2. The suitable growth pH of potato is 5.5-7.0. According to this feature, 50 kg of gypsum powder can be sprayed per acre in combination with winter deep plowing. Gypsum powder can improve the soil, adjust the pH of the soil, and is suitable for the improvement of soils such as saline-alkali land and red soil.
In addition, disease-free seed potatoes should also be used when selecting potato varieties. Before sowing, use 40% formalin 120 times soaking for 4 minutes. Pay more attention to organic fertilizer or green manure on fertilization, and be careful not to use unfamiliar human or animal manure. The potato plots should be planted in water-saving vegetable plots. The potato should be watered in time for drought, so that the drought can be poured. Just do the above points to reduce the incidence of scab.
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