Release date: 2015-12-01
According to European researchers, the detection of platelet RNA in the blood can diagnose cancer with only one drop of blood, identify different types of cancer, and even find biomarkers of mutations. In a research paper published in Cancer Cell on November 9, 2015, researchers reported that tumor-educated platelet RNA contains tumor-associated biomolecules. Identification of healthy people and cancer patients, the accuracy rate reached 96%. In addition, this test can not only help diagnose cancer and guide treatment, but also distinguish between 6 different primary tumor types with an accuracy rate of 71%; it can also identify specific biomarkers for breast and lung cancer.
R Jonas A Nilsson, co-author of the research paper at the Department of Radiology at Umeå University in Sweden, said: "Early, better diagnosis is a key factor in curing a patient or making it easier to manage and become a chronic disease."
“Our detection technology is likely to achieve this goal. In the medical system, the tests we provide can also save money, which is one of our purposes,†he said.
Platelet RNA detection is a supplement to liquid biopsy, which detects DNA that is mutated in the body's somatic cells after fluid circulation or tumor cell death, and thus detects and tracks tumors.
Two studies have examined multiple types of tumors, confirming that DNA testing in the humoral circulation can detect tumors early, monitor tumor metastasis, and even find the cause of tumor resistance to treatment. However, these tests are currently not available for clinical use.
Platelet RNA detection can help diagnose cancer
In their study, Nilsson and his colleagues isolated platelets from the blood of 55 healthy donors aged 21-64 years, from 39 early-stage local cancer patients and 189 late-stage cancer patients. Platelets are separated from the blood.
Among cancer patients, including 60 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, 41 patients with colorectal cancer, 39 patients with malignant glioma, 35 patients with pancreatic cancer, 14 patients with hepatobiliary cancer, and 39 patients with breast cancer.
The researchers isolated and purified 100-500 pg of total platelet RNA, which was less than the amount in a drop of blood. They extracted the RNA from SMARTer mRNA and sequenced it.
In a subsequent study, the researchers identified 5003 different protein-coding and non-coding RNAs. Tumor platelet-based RNA (derived from cancer patients) has an increase in 1453 protein or RNA levels and a decrease in 793 levels compared to healthy donor platelets.
After using scientific methods for evaluation, the researchers found that 1072 platelet RNAs could be used for cancer diagnosis with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 96%, 92%, and 95%, respectively.
Platelet mRNA aggregation levels differ between healthy donors and various types of cancer patients, resulting in a list of tumor-specific genes. Using a combination of algorithms based on a list of these genes, the researchers identified different types of tumors with an average accuracy of 71%.
Finally, the researchers studied how to use platelet RNA to identify specific mutant biomarkers. Although biomarker levels are generally low and difficult to detect, the researchers obtained a list of genes with biomarker specificity and they used scientific algorithms to calculate the gene list.
By calculation, HER2 gene amplification, PIK3CA gene mutation, and triple-negative breast cancer can be identified, and non-small cell lung cancer overexpressing MET gene can be identified (P < .01).
Platelet RNA detection can guide clinical treatment decisions
Nilsson believes that if further research confirms that platelet RNA testing is scientific, such testing will have many uses. "The information we get from the platelet RNA map makes this technology possible for the diagnosis of disease," he said. "Platelet RNA testing shows great power in disease screening and can also guide initial diagnosis and guidance. Treatment decisions also play a monitoring role in long-term treatment."
Platelet RNA detection can identify mutated biomarkers and, therefore, can guide individualized treatment of cancer patients. Nilsson said: "For individualized treatment of cancer patients, we can provide an all-in-one treatment plan, from the patient to the hospital for the first time to join the screening program ... until the genetics according to the tumor Change to make treatment stratification."
Nilsson and his colleagues continue to work to improve platelet RNA detection. He said that although this test method has a high accuracy rate, they continue to increase the sample size of the study to make this test more reliable and accurate.
"The flow of platelet RNA detection methods is now fixed, but it remains to be confirmed, in addition to confirming the type of cancer that can be detected. These are our next plans," Nilsson said.
In order to implement their plans, the research team is working with a number of research teams to conduct research to validate their findings in clinical applications, and they have considered that systemic factors may have an impact on platelet mRNA characteristics, including systemic factors. Sexual, cardiovascular and other non-cancerous diseases.
“Our technology is easy to implement in clinical workflows (all labs know how to separate platelets), and so far we have achieved iconic research, and we have attracted many researchers to work with us.†Nilsson Said.
Compiled from: Liam Davenport. Novel Platelet RNA Test Finds Cancer In Single Drop of Blood. Medscape. Nov 26, 2015.
Source: Medical Pulse
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