(A) The advantages of captive breeding
(1) Environmental conditions can be controlled, and fewer factors are subject to natural constraints, which is conducive to raising ducks scientifically and yielding high yields.
(2) Save labor and improve labor productivity. General grazing and feeding, a labor can only control two to three hundred ducks, and labor intensity; using captive methods, such as feed arrived at the scene, one person can manage 1,000, greatly improving labor efficiency. Labor intensity has also been greatly reduced, and women and the elderly can all serve.
(3) Reduce the incidence of infectious diseases and reduce accidents such as poisoning. Confinement and external contact are reduced, so that the chance of infection from pesticide poisoning and infectious diseases is reduced when compared to grazing, thus increasing the survival rate.
(B) The grouping and density of captive ducks
The size of the young ducks may be limited, but the composition of each duck group should not be too large, and about 500 should be appropriate. When grouping, it should be the same age, the same size, the same species, the same gender.
The rearing density varies with the age of the duck, the season and the temperature. Generally, it can be grasped according to the following criteria: 20 to 12 per square meter at 4 to 10 weeks of age, 12 to 8 per square meter at 11 to 20 weeks, and low temperatures in winter at low temperatures per square meter A few more are suitable, and the summer season is high and there are fewer. Ducks grow faster and have a slightly lower density. Ducks grow slowly and have a slightly higher density.
(c) Feed for captive ducks
Captive breeding is completely different from grazing. Basically, it does not feed on any wild feed and is completely dependent on artificial feeding. Therefore, the various nutrients needed for the young duck during its growing period, especially for long bones and long feathers, should be satisfied. Feed should be diversified as much as possible to maintain the balance of energy and protein, so that sulfur-containing amino acids Many sources of vitamins and mineral salts are available.
During the cultivation of young ducks, the level of protein in the diet does not need to be too high, and the calcium content must also be appropriate.
Since ducks and ducks have not yet established a perfect breeding standard, in the course of practice, the specific conditions of growth and development should be revised as appropriate (increase or decrease of essential nutrients). Such as the egg type Shao Shao, the normal opening date is 130 to 150 days, the standard opening weight is 1400 to 1500 grams, if the weight exceeds 1500 grams, it is considered too large, affecting timely production, should be mild Restrict feeding and feed more green feed and roughage. For poorly-developed and light-weight ducks, the feed quality should be properly improved. The average feed weight per day can be controlled at about 150 grams, plus a small amount of animal fresh feed to promote growth.
Feed for young ducks, all mixed with powder, without corn, rice, wheat and other single raw materials, to be crushed and processed into a mixed powder, add appropriate amount of water before feeding, mix into wet feed raw feed. Feed only 3 to 4 times per day. The interval between feedings should be as equal as possible to avoid starvation and feeding during feeding.
(IV) Management points of captive young ducks
(1) Appropriately strengthen exercise, promote the development of bones and muscles, prevent over-fertilization, catch ducks in the house every day to make circular movements, every 5 to 10 minutes, 2 to 4 times a day activities. If there is a suitable pasture area near the duck house, a short distance grazing activity can be conducted regularly.
(2) More contact with ducks, increase the guts of ducks and prevent frightening herds. Young ducks have a small gall bladder and are particularly sensitive to breeder's nerves. They need to use feeding, water feeding, grass exchange and other opportunities in their youth, and have more contact with ducks. For example, when feeding, people can stand next to observe the feeding situation and let the duck move around. When the "puffy duck" is lying beside him, it can be touched by hand. As time goes by, the duck is not afraid of people. If ducks are considered timid and fearful, they are not close to each other. This way, the more they avoid being gutsy, the more they are afraid of people when they grow up. When a stranger approaches, or when the environment changes, it is easy to panic and cause serious losses. This is a captive. Ducks differ from grazing ducks. Grazing ducks experience a variety of environments and are bold, but circling ducks must be consciously trained to improve their guts.
(3) Lights for overnight lighting, low light lighting. During the cultivation of young ducks, there is no need for strong lighting. The standard daily illumination time is required to be stable at 8 to 10 hours, and it should not be increased before the start of production. If natural light is used, the autumn ducks cultivated in the following six months are most suitable. However, in order to facilitate the ducks to drink water at night and prevent rats or animals from walking around when the group is disturbed, low-light lighting should be used throughout the house. For example, a 30-square-meter duck house can point to a 1.5 watt light bulb. When a power failure occurs, the kerosene lamp with a glass cover (lights) should immediately be placed on it and must not be delayed. The ducklings that have been exposed to low light for a long time have encountered a sudden dark environment and often caused serious panic, resulting in considerable casualties.
(4) Strengthen the prevention of infectious diseases. There are two major infectious diseases during the young duck period: one is duck plague and the other is cholera. Both of these diseases are now protected by vaccines (bacterins). The specific schedule for the immunization program is: 60 ～ 70 days of age to inject the cholera vaccine. One day after the 100-day-old period, the vaccine for cholera bacillus was injected, and the vaccine against duck maggot bacillus was injected at 70-80 days. For ducks raised for only one year, they should be injected once; ducks with more than two years of use should be injected once every other year.
Prevention of injection of duck plague and cholera infectious diseases should be completed before the start of production. After entering the peak of production, duck ducks and injections should be avoided as far as possible so as not to affect the production of eggs.
(5) Establish a stable system of rest and management. The living environment of the breeding ducks is more stable than that of the grazing ducks. It is necessary to formulate operating rules based on the habits of the ducks and regular schedules. After forming a routine, keep it as stable as possible and don't change it often.
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