Release date: 2014-04-10
A few days ago, British scientists discovered that using optogenetic techniques can stimulate neurons to help restore muscle function.
The use of flash to stimulate genetically modified neurons restores the motor function of the tendon muscle. This latest study by British scientists in mice paved the way for the use of optogenetics to treat neurological disorders such as spinal cord injury, epilepsy and motor neuron disease.
Optogenetics is one of the fastest-growing technologies in the field of neuroscience. It involves genetic modification of neurons to produce a light-sensitive protein that sends electrical signals when exposed to light. So far, optogenetic techniques have been used primarily to study how the brain works. Some teams are also exploring the feasibility of using it as a treatment, but the fear of irreversible genetic manipulation of the brain is the biggest obstacle they face.
In this latest study, a team led by Linda Greensmith of University College London modified the mouse stem cells in the laboratory and transplanted them into the leg nerves of mice. The goal is to make the transplanted stem cells easier to remove once a problem arises.
According to a recent report by the New Scientist website, researchers have inserted algae genes encoding photoresponsive proteins into mouse embryonic stem cells. By adding signaling molecules, stem cells develop into movements responsible for transmitting signals back and forth between the spinal cord and other parts of the body. Neurons. Next, these neurons are implanted into the sciatic nerve of mice whose autonomic nerves have been severed. After 5 weeks of implantation of neurons and muscle fusion, the researchers anesthetized the mice, cut open their skin, and irradiated the nerves with blue pulsed light. They observed that the mouse leg muscles produced a contractile response.
Most of the current treatments for deaf patients require electrical stimulation of their nerves or muscles. If the patient's painful neurons still work, this can cause them pain. In addition, electrical stimulation can cause muscle contraction too much, and muscle fatigue quickly occurs. The optogenetic method stimulates the muscle fibers more gently.
To make this technology more suitable for the human body, researchers are developing a light-emitting diode in the form of a wristband that can be connected to a micro-battery under the skin to act on the peripheral nerves. They also attempted to replace embryonic stem cells with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) grown on the patient's skin so that patients do not need drugs to suppress the immune response.
The primary goal of the research team is to help patients with motor neurons who are unable to control the respiratory muscles. They are working on a pacemaker that can repeatedly illuminate the chest's phrenic nerve and plan to test it on pigs, hoping to use it to restore the pig's breathing ability.
Source: Technology Daily
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