| Respiratory disorders during anesthesia in experimental animals and respiratory disorders in animals treated during anesthesia are mainly found in the upper and lower respiratory tract. According to the obstruction, the upper respiratory tract obstruction (ie, excessive secretion of the tongue, throat, etc.) and lower airway obstruction (ie asphyxia) , bronchospasm, etc.), some animals can also have apnea. Here are some common respiratory disorders and treatments:  First, the tongue falls  Tongue fall is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction. After the animal's supine position disappears, the tongue is attached to the posterior pharyngeal wall to block the respiratory tract due to the loosening of the lingual muscles and the lower neck.  deal with:  The animal's tongue can be pulled out of the side of the mouth or placed in the oropharyngeal snorkel. If possible, the lateral position or the head can be placed in the lateral position.  Excessive divorce  Excessive secretions can cause varying degrees of airway obstruction, affecting breathing, leading to hypoxia. The use of belladonna drugs or improper injection time, or the maintenance of shallow anesthesia due to local irritation of inhalation can lead to an increase in secretions. Belladonna drugs should be injected intravenously before anesthesia  deal with:  Put the animal's head down, let the secretion flow to the nasopharyngeal cavity, and then use the vacuum suction device to completely absorb the suction B. When paying attention, the pressure should not be too large, and the suction tube should be inserted into place before starting to attract. In order to avoid negative pressure, the suction tube is attracted to the wall of the mouth and nose or the inner wall of the trachea, causing local damage and bleeding. 2 The suction time in the trachea should not exceed 15 seconds. In order to avoid long-term attraction, resulting in lack of oxygen. 3 pay attention to aseptic operation to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. In addition, belladonna drugs may be added as appropriate during surgery.  Third, throat  The throat is a protective reflex, although it is not common, but it is fierce. It may be related to certain drugs such as thiopental, which increase the stress of the throat and increase the excitability of the vagus nerve that governs the throat. Some operations under light anesthesia Operation, such as dilatation of the anal sphincter, strong traction of the gallbladder, rectum, etc. can cause reflex throat laryngeal most often occurs in the induction period of the barium, especially when the anesthesia is shallow with mild hypoxia and carbon dioxide accumulation. Throat can be induced by excessive contents of blood in the stomach or in the rice, direct laryngoscopy, tracheal intubation and extubation.  deal with:  Immediately stop the operation, check for foreign bodies in the throat, and deepen the barnacle as appropriate. Mild throat only when the inhalation occurs, the throat is often relieved after the local stimulation is relieved; the middle throat is inhaled during inhalation and exhalation, and the oxygen should be pressurized except for the immediate release of the inducer; In severe throat, the airway is obstructed, and the needle can be pierced with a thick needle or the succinylcholine 0.5-1 can be quickly intravenously injected. Mg / kg, often can quickly remove the throat, and then tracheal intubation artificial respiration. Because the airway obstruction seriously affects the gas exchange, the throat should be emphasized for prevention, and the throat should be divided into seconds. A slight delay can be life-threatening.  Fourth, the room.  Asphyxia is a common cause of lower airway obstruction. Vomiting and reflux during anesthesia, excessive secretions and foreign body aspiration are important causes of asphyxia. The prevention of asphyxia is very important. It should be fasted for 12-24 hours before anesthesia, and for 4-6 hours. It is an important guarantee to prevent the occurrence of asphyxia.  deal with:  The key is to timely discover and take effective measures to reduce respiratory and lung damage. 1 Rebuild the airway, take the head low and high, and turn to the right lateral position. Because most of the affected are the right lung, this is beneficial to the left lung. Ventilation and drainage. @Quickly use the laryngoscope to peep into the mouth, in order to attract or rub the solids, and then remove the tracheal intubation artificial respiration 3 after the condition is stable, bronchial flushing is feasible. 1 Maintain water and electricity balance, correct acidosis and so on. Five, bronchospasm  Intratracheal intubation with shallow anesthesia can often cause severe cough after intubation. Individual injections of excitatory cholinergic nerves such as sodium sulphate and succinylcholine can also be caused. In addition, vomiting, reflux, excessive secretion of aspiration to the lower respiratory tract, can induce bronchospasm.  deal with:  Excluding the lure garden, mild bronchospasm can be improved by manual ventilation, and severe positive pressure ventilation can be relieved. If the anesthesia is too shallow, the anesthesia should be deepened, oxygen should be taken, assisted or controlled.  six. Apnea  Also known as not breathing or breathing. At present, the commonly used inhalation and intravenous *** have different degrees of inhibition on the breathing, and the well is inhibited to deepen with the increase of the dose. The degree of respiratory depression is not only related to the dose, but also related to the injection speed. The faster the injection speed, the higher the incidence of respiratory depression and respiratory arrest. Therefore, intravenous injection must be slow.  deal with:  Once the breathing is stopped, the anesthesia and surgery should be stopped first, and the artificial chest compressions should be given immediately. If you do not see spontaneous breathing after a few presses, you should take appropriate measures depending on the animal species. Generally speaking, for large animals such as dogs and pigs, tracheal intubation artificial respiration is immediately performed, and oxygen is fully supplied. The ventilator uses a ventilator for clinical anesthesia, an anesthesia machine or a simple respirator. For rabbits, squirrels and small animals, due to the lack of special ventilators for small animals, they often use hands.  The method of assisting or controlling the breathing of the chest compression, while inserting the nasal cannula to fully oxygen, 2-3L/min.  |
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