Ammonium chloride, also known as ammonium chloride, is a by-product of the production of soda ash (sodium carbonate). Its nitrogen content is 23% to 25%. For many years, it has been used as a base fertilizer and top dressing for rice, and other nitrogen fertilizer effects than nitrogen. Well, the yield increased by 15.6 kg and 23.9 kg, respectively, over the application of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate. The application of ammonium chloride in rice has some special effects in addition to the functions of other nitrogen fertilizers.
Ammonium chloride is used in rice fields, and the fertilizer effect is stable and lasting, with less loss. Because ammonium chloride of ammonium chloride is easily absorbed by the soil, chloride ions can inhibit the activity of nitrifying bacteria, making the denitrification of nitrification and denitrification difficult, and allowing ammonium ions to be stored in rice fields.
According to the test, the ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and urea fertilizers were simultaneously applied to the paddy field for 14 days, and the nitrate nitrogen in the soil was determined to be 1 ppm, 9 ppm and 14 ppm, respectively. After 28 days, the nitrate nitrogen was 78 ppm. 112 ppm and 196 ppm. It indicates that the ammonium nitrification of ammonium chloride is much weaker than that of ammonium sulfate and urea. Nitric acid nitrogen cannot be adsorbed and stored by soil complex, and it is easy to lose with water.
Under the condition of equal nitrogen, the effect of ammonium chloride is equivalent to that of urea, which is faster than that of urea. According to the experiment of the agricultural technology department, according to the same amount of nitrogen application, for each additional tiller of rice, ammonium chloride only needs 4.6 days, while urea takes 6.9 days; according to the 8 points of rice plant height and effective ear statistics: ammonium chloride is applied The plant height is 84.1 cm, the effective ear is 233,800, and the urea application is only 83.3 cm and 222,600 respectively.
Ammonium chloride is more effective than ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate. The application of ammonium chloride in paddy fields in southern rice areas is not widespread. Some people worry that after application of ammonium chloride, chloride ions will acidify and soil the soil. In fact, chloride ions are negatively charged and are not adsorbed by soil colloids. In addition, during the rice growing period in the southern rice region, there are many rains, and the paddy fields often run water. Chloride ions are lost with water and do not cause accumulation and cause side effects. According to the test, continuous application of ammonia chloride for 10 years in paddy fields and finally analysis of the soil did not cause adverse effects.
Rice is an ammonium plant. After ammonium chloride is applied to the paddy field, the carbohydrates in the rice body are immediately absorbed and assimilated into organic nitrogen compounds, such as ammonium amide, amino acids, etc., which can regulate the nitrogen content of the rice plants to be not too high, and can reduce the ineffective tillering and later greed. It has the effect of promoting the enlargement of the ear, the increase of the real grain, and the increase of the 1000-grain weight. According to the results of many years of experiments conducted by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the Red Soil Experimental Station in Shuyang County, Hunan Province, the application of nitrogen fertilizer containing ammonium chloride, such as ammonium chloride, is 1 to 20% higher than the application of nitrogen fertilizer containing sulfate and nitrate.
The nitrification of ammonium chloride is slower than that of urea and ammonium sulfate, so that more ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) form is adsorbed and preserved by the paddy soil colloid, so the loss of nitrogen loss is lower than that of urea, and the nitrogen fertilizer is increased. Utilization rate. In addition, chlorine can increase soil acidity, which is beneficial to the activation of nutrients such as phosphorus and zinc, and is used for rice absorption and utilization to prevent rice seedlings caused by phosphorus deficiency and zinc deficiency.
In general, ammonium chloride is stable in nature and has less volatility and decomposability than ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia. Transportation, storage and application are also convenient and safer than ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia. Method of application. Ammonium chloride can be used as base fertilizer and top dressing, and the application rate per acre is generally 10-15 kg. However, it should be noted that do not use seed fertilizer and fertilization in the field, so as not to affect the seed germination and cause burning phenomenon; some "bogey" chlorine crops such as sugar cane, tobacco, potatoes, grapes, citrus, etc. should not be used, so as not to reduce the quality of the product.
Li Cuiying: Essential points of conventional fertilization in paddy fields
- The fertilizer is generally moderately fertile, and the fertilization amount of rice in the field of about 500 kg per mu is 1000-2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 8-12 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5-6 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 4-8 kg of potassium fertilizer, and zinc-deficient soil. Apply zinc sulfate 1-2 kg.
- The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer (including green manure), which can be applied with fermented organic fertilizer at a dosage of 1000-2000 kg per mu, combined with the application of drought and flood; combined with chemical fertilizer, applying urea 15 to 15 kg per mu, 30 to 40 kilograms of calcium phosphate and 7 to 12 kilograms of potassium chloride (or an equal amount of compound fertilizer) are applied to the field and combined with water to apply the whole layer. In areas where straw is returned to the field, the amount of potash can be reduced by half.
- The topdressing of rice in the topdressing field is still dominated by nitrogen fertilizer. If the potassium supply in the base fertilizer is insufficient, the potassium fertilizer should also be applied. Topdressing should be done: the fat is early and full, the ear is stable, and the grain is light.
- After the transplanting of the tiller and the tiller to the tillering (after returning to the green), generally the early and middle rice are inserted 5 days after the insertion, and the late rice is added for 3 days after the insertion, and the fertilizer can be applied. 5-7 kg of urea per acre is applied to the organic fertilizer. For fields with less and potassium deficiency, 3 to 5 kg of potassium chloride should be applied per acre. The field with insufficient fertilizer is applied once every 5 to 7 days. In addition, if the base fertilizer is not applied with zinc fertilizer, foliar spray can be carried out by mixing 50-100 g of zinc sulfate into a 0.2% aqueous solution during the tillering period.
- Spike grain fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are applied at the beginning of jointing (after rehydration in the sun), applying 2 to 3 kg of urea per acre and 3 to 5 kg of potassium chloride. Look at the seedlings before heading and then apply 2.5 kg of urea as granular fertilizer.
In the late stage of high-yield and super-high-yield cultivation, attention should be paid to the application of foliar fertilizer. For example, spraying with silicon and selenium-containing liquid fertilizer can enhance the disease resistance of rice, improve early, and improve the taste and nutritional quality of rice. To increase the value of goods. Spraying with 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other fertilizers in the head-filling period can prolong the survival rate of functional leaves in the late growth stage, accelerate the grain filling rate, reduce the emptying rate, increase the 1000-grain weight, and prevent Delayed chilling damage also has a role.
This article URL: What kind of fertilizer is used to grow rice? Ammonium chloride is a good fertilizer for rice fields.
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