"At present, the market price of Pleurotus eryngii in the market is 6 to 8 yuan per catty. The off-season cultivation adopts the three-dimensional cultivation model in greenhouses. If scientific management is possible, the yield of pleurotus eryngii per mu can reach more than 2,000 catties, and the income per mu can exceed 10,000 yuan. "Recently, He Wei, deputy head of the Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station in Hemian Town, Naxi District, Luzhou City, walked into the Pleurotus eryngii shed in Zhenghe Village to guide the planters on the technology of scientific cultivation and management.
Preparation and processing of raw materials: Corncob, wheat straw, cottonseed husks, etc. are used as the main raw materials for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii. One is crushing. For example, corncobs should be crushed into particles of 1 cm to 2 cm in diameter, and straws shall be cut into 2 cm to 3 cm Long sections; the second is to soften them by soaking and fermentation.
Polypropylene bags or low-pressure polyethylene bags are mostly used for bag-making inoculation and culture of mycelium bags for growing Pleurotus eryngii. The former is suitable for high-pressure sterilization, and normal pressure sterilization is mostly used for the latter. Accurately weigh the *** raw materials, mix them evenly, with appropriate moisture content, and pack them manually or by a bagging machine. Generally, the dry material in polypropylene bags is about 0.5 kg, and the dry material in low-pressure polyethylene bags is 0.8 kg to 1 kg. Appropriate. Sterilize according to conventional sterilization requirements, and inoculate after cooling.
Long bags are mostly inoculated by perforation, and the inoculation should be carried out under aseptic conditions, and the amount of inoculation should be increased appropriately to increase the germination speed and increase the rate of genuine products. After inoculation, the bag is cultured in a culture room with a relative humidity of 70% or less and a darker light at about 25°C, and the whole bag can be grown with hyphae within 30 to 40 days.
Mushroom bud cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii Whether the first wave of mushroom buds can form normally, directly affects the normal fruiting of the second wave and the entire total output. Therefore, the cultivation of the first batch of mushroom buds is particularly important. If the nutrient is less, it is necessary to continue the cultivation for 10 to 20 days before opening the bag to fruit; when the temperature is higher than 20℃, it is not suitable to open the bag. When the temperature is stable at 10℃ to 18℃, the plastic bag mouth should be rolled back to the surface of the culture medium. Increase appropriate scattered light, ventilate 2 to 3 times a day, 20 minutes to 30 minutes each time, keep the air fresh, after about 8 to 15 days, the primordium can be formed and differentiate into young buds.
Temperature control When the mushroom buds are formed to the size of rice grains and light gray, the bag opening and fruiting management can be carried out. Stimulate the formation of primordium with lower humidity (10°C to 15°C), and then control the temperature of the cultivation room at 10°C to 18°C ​​to allow the fruit body to grow and develop. Avoid exceeding 22°C to prevent the young mushroom buds from shrinking and dying . When the temperature is lower than 10℃, the primordium is difficult to form; when the temperature rises to 18℃, the original unharvested fruit bodies grow rapidly and the quality decreases, while the small mushroom buds stop growing and begin to shrink, and the primordium also stops. Differentiation: When the temperature continues to be above 18℃, the original fruiting body mushroom stalk and the surface tissue mass of the culture medium become soft, shrivel and rot. Therefore, in the entire management and cultivation, the temperature of the mushroom house should be controlled at 10°C to 18°C.
When cultivating in a greenhouse, it should be combined with water spraying and ventilation for cooling treatment when the temperature is high around noon and the light is strong. In winter, the temperature is low, close doors and windows appropriately, strengthen the light at noon, and thicken the cover at night to increase the temperature in the cultivation shed.
Humidity controls the fruit body in the stage of occurrence and growth. The relative humidity in the mushroom house should be maintained at about 90% at the initial stage. When the fruit body is developing and close to harvest, the humidity can be controlled at about 85%, which is beneficial to prolong the shelf life of the fruit body. At the same time, be careful not to spray water on the mushroom body, especially when the temperature rises, spray water directly on the mushroom body, which will easily make the fruit body yellow, and in severe cases, it will be infected with bacteria and cause rot.
If the air source is poorly ventilated, the fruit body is difficult to develop normally, and if it encounters high temperature and humidity, it will cause the fruit body to rot. Therefore, the mushroom house must maintain good ventilation conditions. At the same time, it is necessary to control the light source, and be careful not to let the light shine directly when the temperature rises.
Pest control and pests are not easy to occur when the temperature is low; when the temperature rises, the pests that are likely to occur in the fruit body are bacteria, Trichoderma (mainly Trichoderma viride) and mushroom flies. Enhancing ventilation and temperature control can prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. When the harvest of 1 to 2 tidal mushrooms is over and the bag loses more water, it is advisable to perform water injection and soaking methods to replenish water. It can also be cultivated with soil covering after 2 to 3 tidal mushrooms to reduce the cumbersome water supply.
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